【作者】 于莹；

【导师】 刘娜； 张富国；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 环境工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 生物强化制剂(生物菌剂)对于处理城市生活污水有其独特的优势，可以在不利条件下迅速完成生化系统的启动，并能显著提高有机物的去除率，减少固体物质的产生、强化硝化作用。直接投菌法虽然简单易行，但是所投加的特效微生物容易流失，或易被其他微生物吞噬。固定化生物技术的应用，关键在于载体的选择。菌丝球是发酵过程中自然形成的一种微生物颗粒，它生物活性良好、沉降速度快、易于固液分离，能够较好地用于工业废水的处理。以单纯菌丝球为载体，采用混合菌种固定化技术，建立混合菌群组成的微生态环境，使各种固定化微生物协同发挥作用，必将成为废水处理领域研究的重点。以霉菌Y3形成的菌丝球作为生物质载体，采用同时培养法和吸附法对菌株JH-9进行固定化，同时培养法形成的混合菌丝球因为在相同时间内固定了更多的菌株JH-9，集合了菌丝球的吸附能力和菌株JH-9的高活性降解能力，而显示出了对苯胺较快的降解速度。将COD快速降解菌固定于采用同时培养法固定JH-9所形成的菌丝球上的混合菌丝球表现出了相对于将絮凝菌固定于菌丝球上以及只固定有苯胺降解菌的混合菌丝球较明显的优势。将混合菌丝球应用于SBR小试研究中，实现了对苯胺的稳定降解，而且以混合菌丝球作为载体的反应器沉降速度快，上清液较清澈。PCR-DGGE分析表明，混合菌丝球为生物载体中功能菌群，尤其是苯胺降解菌，大量生长，单位体积的细菌数量较高，有利于生物强化和快速启动。将纳米级电气石加入到以混合菌丝球作为载体的反应器中，在第1周期混合菌丝球就对COD及苯胺表现出极佳的降解效果，第2周期开始就实现了对苯胺的100%降解，对COD85%的降解效果，从而缩短了混合菌丝球的驯化时间，实现了反应器的快速启动。PCR-DGGE研究表明电气石的添加有利于促使功能种群快速达到稳定，提高生物强化效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bioaugmentation agents (biological agents) has its unique advantages for the treatmentof municipal sewage, it can quickly complete the biochemical system startup under adverseconditions, improve the removal rate of organic significantly, reduce the generation of solidmaterial, and strengthen nitrification. In the wastewater treatment process, it is easy to add inbacteria directly, but the bacteria are also easily missing, or being swallowed by othermicroorganisms. Mycelium pellet is a kind of bio-granule that can from spontaneously in theprocess of ferment. It has a good biological activity, fast sedimentation velocity, and no needfor carrier, good condition of liquid solid separation. It can be used in the treatment ofindustrial wastewater. Using the mycelium pellet as a carrier, adopting the “mixed bacteriaself-immobilization technology”, to establish a micro-ecology environment made up of mixedbacteria group, in order to let all kinds of immobilized microorganisms play its role together,will become a focus in the field of wastewater treatment.Immobilized strain JH-9with simultaneity culture and adsorption respectively, withmycelium pellet forming by aspergillus Y3as the biomass carrier. The simultaneity culturemycelial pellets showed the rapid degradation rate of aniline because of that fixed more strainJH-9at the same time period and collection of the mycelial pellets’ adsorption capacity andhighly active degradation ability of strains JH-9.When compared with the mycelial pelletsfixed only a mixture of aniline-degrading bacteria and the mycelial pellets fixed a mixture ofaniline-degrading bacteria as well as flocculation bacteria,the mycelial pellets fixed with theCOD fast-degrading bacteria as well as a mixture of aniline-degrading bacteria has moreabvious advantages.Use the mycelial pellets as a biomass carrier in the mixed-scale study of SBR, the reactorachieved the stability of the degradation of aniline, and the reactor with the carrier of mycelialpellets has the fast settling velocity, clear Supernatant. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that thefunctional flora on the mycelial pellets, especially aniline-degrading bacteria, grow in a largenumber,and it has higher number of bacteria per unit volume, in favor of bioaugmentation andquick Startup.Add the nano-tourmaline to the reactor with a carrier of mixed mycelial pellets, themycelial pellets showed excellent degradation result of COD and aniline in the first cycle.Onthe second cycle, the aniline removal rate of output was100%and the COD removal rateabove85%.Thus, it shorten the mixing time for the domestication of mycelial pellets, and the reactor achieved a quick startup. PCR-DGGE study shows that the addition of tourmalinefeatures conducive to the rapid stabilization of the functional flora, improve the effectivenessof bioaugmentation.更多还原