【作者】 张俊；

【导师】 金彭年；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国造船业和国际航运业的发展的同时,许多造船企业以及航运公司遇到了自身发展所需要的资金不足的情况,越来越多的造船企业和航运公司开始寻求新的融资融物的方式以解决资金带来的束缚。正是因为在这样的背景之下,国际船舶融资租赁在我国开始被造船企业和航运公司用以解决资金问题,并解决融资方式单一的困境。但是国际船舶融资租赁在我国的发展的时间比较短暂,我国也没有相应的立法用以规范船舶融资租赁的相关的内容,这样的法律环境对国际船舶融资租赁在我国的进一步发展产生诸多的不利影响。因此只有广泛深入地研究其他国家或者国际组织对于此项业务的规定以及国际上的研究成果,完善我国的国际船舶融资租赁的法律环境,才能为我国的造船及航运事业保驾护航。因为融资租赁作为一种国际普遍适用的融资手段,其法律关系比较复杂,而船舶融资租赁将融资对象特定化为船舶,这样就将融资租赁法律关系与船舶相关的法律关系做了融合,加深了理论研究以及实践操作的难度。本文笔者将我国的法律法规与理论研究与国外的理论与法律法规相结合,提出一些自己的建议。1.国际船舶融资租赁当中的船舶登记制度。因为在国际船舶融资租赁当中会涉及船舶在出租人所在国以及承租人所在国进行“双重登记”的问题,但是我国又不允许船舶“双重国籍”的存在,所以如何将所有权登记与融资租赁登记进行协调就成了国际船舶融资租赁业务开展的首要任务。因此本人尝试建立国际船舶融资租赁登记制度的架构。如果将船舶从国外租入我国,出租人应当先将船舶的原登记国国籍进行中止或者封存,承租人凭船舶融资租赁证明到承租人所在国的登记机关申请融资租赁登记。若将船舶租出国外,出租人应当到我国的船舶登记机关将船舶的中国国籍进行封存或者中止,并书面申请融资租赁的证明文件。2.国际船舶融资租赁当中各方当事人的权利与义务,以及权益遭到损害时的救济手段。权利与义务是一项法律关系的核心内容,国际船舶融资租赁中出租人和承租人处于不同的国家,所以如何保护彼此的权利与义务成了阐明国际船舶融资租赁法律关系的重点。在国际船舶融资租赁关系中,承租人具有经营使用船舶的权利同时承担保管船舶以及按期支付租金的义务；出租人不承担船舶的瑕疵担保责任,而是由供货方向出租人以及承租人同时承担瑕疵担保责任。在供货人的过失造成出租人对承租人违约时,我们要分清出租人是否构成根本违约。依据违约程度的不同,承租人可以选择终止合同或者继续履行责任。承租人不能按期交付租金时,也应当区分是否构成根本违约,出租人有加速支付租金的请求权以及终止合同的权利。3.船舶碰撞产生的责任承担。因为船舶碰撞会产生船舶碰撞责任以及油污损害的责任,在国际船舶容易租赁的法律关系中,以上两种责任应该由谁承担,成为了海上风险责任划分的重点。船舶的碰撞责任应当根据实际使用人承担责任的原则,即承租人应当承担碰撞产生的损失；船舶的油污损害,应当由船舶的所有人、承租人、经营人等船舶方承担连带责任。4.选择法院管辖以及适用法律问题。因为出租人和承租人分属不同的国家,可以允许出租人和承租人自由选择有利于自身的管辖法院以及适用的法律。更多还原

【Abstract】 When shipbuilding industry and International shipping industry are developing, many shipyards and shipping companies are lack of fund for development. So more shipyards and shipping companies are look for new way of financing lease to solve fund shortage. Under this background, Chinese shipyards and shipping companies start to use international ship financing lease to solve fund shortage and single financing mode. But, in China, international ship financing lease have developed at short time, so China does not have corresponding laws to regulate shipping financing lease. This legal environment is not good for international ship financing lease’s development in China. Therefore, the writer deeply and widely study this business of other countries and international organizations’standards and research findings, in order to improve the legal environment of international ship financing lease in our country.Because financing lease is a general way of financing in the world, so the legal relation is complex. At same time, shipping financing lease makes ship as financing object, it mix together the legal relation of financing lease and ships, so it deepens difficulty for theoretical research and operation.The writer combines the laws and theoretical research of China and foreign countries, and put forward some proposals.1.Ship registration system of international ship financing lease. In international ship financing lease, the ship has to register in lender’s country and lessee’s country, but in our country "double nationality" is not allowed. So how to coordinate the register of ownership and financing lease becomes the first assignment in this business. Hence, the writer tries to build the frame of international ship financing lease.2. Parties’rights and duties in international ship financing lease, and the measures when their legal rights are harmed. Rights and duties are core content in legal relation, and lender and lessee come from different country, so how to protect their rights and duties becomes important issue.3. The ship collision liabilities. Because the ship collision will occur who bears collision liabilities and oil pollution damage. In legal relation of international ship financing lease, who bears duties becomes the key point of differentiating sea perils liabilities. The paper tries to find out who should born collision liabilities and oil pollution damage.4. The range law court and related laws. Because the lender and lessee come from different country, so how to choose competent court and law will influence their duties and rights and the solution of the issue.更多还原