【作者】 刘远；

【导师】 戴勇才；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 刑法学（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 我国《刑法》第100条明确规定了前科报告制度，该制度的确立可以说在一定程度上对于完善我国刑事立法起到了积极作用。从预防犯罪的角度，无疑为减少犯罪的发生，降低再犯率等方面起到了重大作用。然而，但从该制度的设计构造和近些年的司法实践来看，我国前科报告制度也存在着相当多的问题。首先，前科报告制度的指导理念的偏颇，突出了对有前科者在法律上的报应和道义上谴责，却忽略了对有前科人相关权利的保障，使其难以复归社会。从而变相降低了刑罚对其再社会化的改造功能。其次，制度设计上的不合理。由于立法者在制度设计上缺乏严谨性以及在对待前科制度上的暧昧性，导致前科报告制度漏洞百出，大大降低了前科报告制度的实际效果。如我国刑法只规定了有前科人的前科报告义务，确无规定相对应的惩罚性后果，客观上形成了所谓的“无盾立法”、只为有前科人规定了报告义务，却没有规定该义务的存续期间。使得有前科人一辈子背上“有前科”的标签，成为名符其实的“二等公民”。本文认为，犯罪是任何社会都普遍存在的一种社会问题，正如疾病对于人体而言是无法完全避免的。同样的道理，如何有效的消灭犯罪，防止有前科人再次犯罪才是当今刑事立法乃至刑事政策所应重点关注的问题。与此同时，如何能够有效的达到这一目的也是检验该项制度是否符合实践需要的标准。从现代刑法发展潮流来看，正在向着更加人性化，更加科学化，更加体系化的方向发展。刑罚理念也正在向建立恢复性司法的方向迈进。人们在追求预防犯罪，维护社会稳定的同时，更加注重对有前科人相关权利的保护，更加注重刑罚的改造效果和有利于有前科人的复归社会。而这正是我国前科报告制度所欠缺的。因此，在这个意义上，目前我国的前科报告制度有点跟不上时代潮流。正基于此，本文结合我国目前的立法状况以及前科报告制度自身所暴露出的问题，拟分三个部分加以论述：第一个部分，分析相关基础概念，明确相关概念的内涵和外延，为进一步探讨前科报告制度奠定前置性基础；第二个部分：分析我国前科报告制度现状，探讨前科报告制度的理论基础和现实价值，找出目前我国前科报告制度存在的一些不足之处，为深度挖掘该制度的制度价值打下基础；第三个部分：针对我国前科报告制度的不完善性，提出相应的完善方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Section100of the Criminal Law of the China clearly stipulates CriminalRecord Reporting System, the establishment of the system can be said to haveplayed a certain degree of positive significance to improve China’s CriminalLegislation. From a crime prevention point of view, undoubtedly played asignificant role to reduce the incidence of crime, reduce recidivism rates.However, in view of the system designed and constructed in recent years ofjudicial practice, Criminal Record Reporting System there are a lot of problems.First of all, the guiding philosophy of the Criminal Records of the ReportingSystem biased, highlighting a Criminal Record in the law of retribution andmoral condemnation of, and neglected to protect the rights of the criminal record,making it difficult to revert to society. Thereby lowering the penalty of theirtransformation. Secondly, the design of the system is unreasonable. Aslegislators lack of rigor in the system design as well as in dealing with thecriminal record system ambiguous, leading to a Criminal Record ReportingSystem full of loopholes, greatly reduces the practical effect of the Criminal Record Reporting System. The Criminal Record of Convictions of PeopleReporting Obligations, such as the Criminal Law only requires that punitiveconsequences, indeed no provision corresponding to the objective formation ofthe so-called "Non-Shield Legislation" had a Criminal Record provides for thereporting obligations, but did not require the during the existence of obligations.Makes it criminal record life back the label "Criminal Record" and become atruly "Second-Class Citizens.”This paper argues that crime is a social problem in any society are common,As the disease for the human body can not be completely avoided. The sametoken, how to effectively combat crime, to prevent the Criminal Record ofPeople Re-offending is today’s criminal legislation and even criminal policyshould focus on the problem. At the same time, how we can effectively achievethis goal is to test whether the system to meet the needs of practice standards.From the development of modern criminal law trend is toward more humane,more scientific, more systematic direction. The penalty concept also is toestablish the direction of restorative justice. People, maintaining social stabilityin pursuit of crime prevention at the same time, pay more attention to the protection of the rights of the Criminal Record, pay more attention to the penaltytransformation and the social reintegration of the criminal records of people.This is China’s Criminal Record Reporting System is lacking. Therefore, in thissense, China’s Criminal Record Reporting System is a bit behind the times. Thispaper based on this, our current state of legislation, as well as Criminal RecordReporting System exposed intends to three levels discussed: the first level,analysis of the underlying concepts, specifically related to the concept ofconnotation and denotation; second levels: mining the value of China’s CriminalRecord Reporting System, and discusses the guiding philosophy of the systembiased; the third level, the analysis of China’s Criminal Record ReportingSystem is imperfect, the perfect solution;更多还原