【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 姜炜； 夏春；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 材料工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 铝热剂具有放热量大,能量释放速度快,绝热火焰温度高,安全性好等优点,在军工领域有广阔的应用前景。本论文旨在制备出一种具有较低的点火温度和高反应活性的铝热剂,使其能够成为一种有潜力应用于军工领域的含能材料。主要的研究内容如下：(1)采用机械球磨法制备不同配比的Al-Mg(10～50%)合金,并通过XRD、SEM、 EDS、TG、DSC等分析手段表征分析,Al-Mg合金颗粒大小分布为1～10um,说明机械合金化过程对Al-Mg合金起到了很好的细化作用；随着Mg含量增加Al-Mg合金的氧化活性增加,改善了Al粉的点火和燃烧性能。(2)采用超声分散法制备了AlMg/KMnO4铝热剂,并通过DSC、点火温度、燃烧性能和燃烧产物等分析手段表征分析,AlMg/KMnO4铝热剂随着合金中Mg含量的增加,点火温度从723K降至493K,AlMg/KMnO4铝热剂热反应活性和点火性能得到了极大的改善；AlMg/KMnO4铝热剂燃烧产生瞬间的强烈火焰,并且伴随着大范围的火焰溅射,其中Al0.5Mgo.5/KMnO4燃烧产生的火焰溅射范围最大；在反应产物中均发现有Al2O3、MgO以及Mn单质,说明Mn单质是AlMg/KMnO4发生了铝热反应生成的；与Al-Mg合金发生反应的是KMnO4的分解产物而不是KMnO4。(3)采用超声分散法制备了AlMg/CuO和AlMg/CuO-KMnO4铝热剂,并通过DSC、点火温度、燃烧性能和燃烧产物等分析手段表征分析,随着KMnO4的加入有效降低铝热剂点火温度和提高反应活性,其中Al0.5Mg0.5/CuO-30%KMnO4的点火温度降低至493K；说明加入30%的KMnO4可以提高AlMg/CuO铝热剂的热反应活性和点火性能,使其能在较低的温度下就发生反应并且放出大量的热；在AlMg/CuO铝热剂的燃烧产物中均观察到了Al2O3、MgO、Cu、Cu2O以及CuO,说明AlMg/CuO铝热剂发生了铝热反应,而Cu2O出现可能是由于在高温条件下部分CuO发生分解生成了Cu2O；在AlMg/CuO-30%KMnO4铝热剂燃烧产物中均观察到了Al2O2、MgO、Cu、 Cu2O、CuO以及Mn的存在,说明AlMg/CuO-30%KMnO4铝热剂发生了铝热反应生成了Cu单质以及Mn单质。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thermite was endowed with highly exothermic large energy releasing rate、good satfty performance, which was widely used in the field of ordnance. The aim of this paper is to prepare a kind of thermites it had low ignition temperature and super-reactive. The main research contents are as follows:(1) Different mass fractions of Al-Mg (10-50%) alloys were prepared by mechanical ball milling. The synthesized products were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, TG, DSC and so on. The average sizes of Al-Mg alloy particles vary from1to10um. It were showed that the sizes of Al-Mg alloy could be obviously decreased by mechanical ball milling. With the content of Mg increased from0.1to0.5, the reaction activities of Al-Mg alloy were increased as well. Ignition and combustion performces of the Al powder were improved.(2) AlMg/KMnO4thermites were prepared by sonication dispersion method. The samples were characterized by DSC, ignition tests, combustion tests and combustion product analysis. The reaction temperatures of AlMg/KMnO4were decreased as the increasing of Mg content from723to493K. Ignition and combustion performces of AlMg/KMnO4thermites were obviously improved as well. Instantaneous vigorous flame and large flame splash range were showed when the samples were ignited. While Al0.5Mg0.5/KMn04displayed the largest flame splash range. Al2O3, MgO and Mn were exist in all combustion products. Mn were the products of AlMg/KMnO4thermite reaction. Al-Mg alloys reacted with the decomposition products of KMnO4ranther than reacted with KMnO4directly.(3) AlMg/CuO and AlMg/CuO-KMnO4thermites were prepared by sonication dispersion method. The samples were characterized by DSC, ignition tests, combustion tests and combustion product analysis. With the content of KMnO4increased, AlMg/CuO-KMnO4thermites showed lower ignition temperatures and higher thermal reactivity.The ignition temperature of Alo.5Mgo.5/CuO-30%KMn04was decreasd to493K. Thermal reactivity and ignition performance of AlMg/CuO thermites were enhanced by adding30percent KMnO4. These kind of thermites were reacted at relatively low temperature and released large energy. Al2O3, MgO, Cu, Cu2O and CuO were existed in the combustion products of AlMg/CuO thermites. It illustrated that AlMg/CuO thermites were reacted. The reason could be that CuO was oxidized to Cu2O at high temperature condition. Al2O3, MgO, Cu, Cu2O, CuO and Mn were existed in the combustion products of AlMg/CuO-30%KMnO4thermites. Cu and Mn were all the products of AlMg/CuO-30% KMnO4thermite reaction.更多还原