【作者】 张玲；

【导师】 丁以寿；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 茶学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 安徽省产茶历史悠久，名茶荟萃，为我国重点产茶大省。研究安徽省茶业有着重要意义，就目前对安徽茶业的研究呈现了区域性的特征，主要集中在徽州地带，并且大多以清代为主。本文以民国时期安徽茶业为研究对象，对安徽省茶业做一断代性的研究，分析民国时期安徽茶业发展的历史背景，探讨民国时期安徽省茶叶生产、经济贸易、科研、教育等方面发展情况，总结民国时期安徽省茶业发展概况并分析其原因，最后揭示民国时期安徽茶业对发展今日安徽省茶业的经验启示。民国时期安徽茶园管理较为疏忽，茶农多视茶价的高低，定培育之勤惰。茶园趋于荒废，茶树衰老现象十分严重。民国时期安徽省名茶有着独特的加工工艺，如祁红、屯绿、毛峰、菊花茶等，民国时期安徽省除少数科研机构引进机械施行机械制茶外，其它基本上采用手工制茶。民国时期安徽茶叶税务机构及税则不断发生演变，茶叶商税偏重，民国时期安徽是第一个施行茶业合作社的省份，是第一个施行统购统销的省份，也是第一个施行产地检验的省份。民国时期安徽省茶叶产量位居全国首位，是全国重点内外销茶区，外销茶祁红、屯绿为国家创下大量外汇。民国时期安徽省茶叶科研和教育取得了很大收效，祁门茶叶改良场推动了安徽省茶叶科技的发展。民国时期安徽省所办茶叶教育机构培养了大批的茶叶专业人才，这些人才为民国及建国后中国茶业的发展做成了许多突出的贡献。由民国时期安徽省茶业取得的成就可知民国时期安徽省茶业为中国茶业的中心。但是民国时期安徽省茶业的发展道路却是曲折和艰辛的，茶业最终还是走向衰落，这主要体现在茶园面积的减少、茶叶产量的减少、外销的衰落、生产趋于粗放等方面，无论成功或失败，其背后必有其重要原因。民国时期安徽省茶业对发展今日安徽省茶业有着重要的启示，如发展今日安徽省茶业要重视茶叶科研、教育，政府要提高重视等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anhui, one of the most improtant and historical province in Chinese tea industry, provides the world with many kinds of fine-qualitied and famous tea, with significance to study on. Previous researches exhibited a regional character, which mainly focuses on the Huizhou area, and the period of Qing Dynasty. This research aims on the tea industry of Anhui during the Republic of China era, by researching on chronological history of tea industry during that era; analysing the backgrounds of it; showing and discussing about the development of science and technolgy, education, economic and trades of tea, the conclusions and analyses of this research reveal the expeirences from the past, inspire the new methods for the future.The tea gardens of Anhui province in this era was managed quite inattentively, tea farmers cultived their tea gardens based on the changes of tea price, that lead to the consenesence of tea trees and desolaiton of tea gardens. The tea manufactory of Anhui tea was basicly done by hand, especially the unique craft of the famous tea like Qihong black tea, Tunlu green tea, Maofeng tea and Chrysanthemum tea; besides, some of tea science research center had adopted the machining operation during that time.Tea tax organization and laws in Anhui had been changed rapidly then, the commercial taxation of tea was rather heavy, however, it is Anhui that the first province encouraged the coorperative organization of tea farmer, the first place promoted state monopoly for purchases and marketing of tea product, so as the tea inspection. In Republic of China era, Anhui was the most important province of tea producing in China, which occupied the biggest tea output of China, and earned lots of foreign exchange for the state by the trades of Qihong black tea and Tunlu green tea.The tea science and technology in Anhui had achieved a great success as its education; both the tea improvement stations in Qimen and Tunxi reached the top level of morden tea science. The education organizations of tea had also educated many of tea science specialists, who contributed greatly to the tea industry of Anhui in this era and after.With all the achievement and development, the importance of tea industry of Anhui province can be declared. Whereas, path was rather trying, and had not stopped the decline of tea industry, for example, decrease in tea garden area, reduction of output, decline of foreign trades, graduately extensive cultivation and manufactory. In the mean time, some experiences, like the regard for tea industry of government by then, can be inspiring for developing of Anhui tea industry for nowadays.更多还原