【作者】 王成阳；

【导师】 王传贵；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济水平的不断提高和人们生活观念的转变,人类对木材和木制品的需求不断上升；然而,因世界范围内森林资源的减少,使得木材供需矛盾日益突显。竹子以其分布广、生长周期短、材性良好等特点,在多竹资源国家中成为补充木材的首选原料。我国的竹材资源相对丰富,产量和面积均位于世界第一,大力开发利用竹材资源,是缓解我国木材供需矛盾的有效途径之一。开发生产竹木复合材,不但可缓解我国木材的供需矛盾,减少林木开发,减少木材进口,减少国家外汇开支,而且还可为企业和国家创造良好的经济效益,为一些地区的人民提供工作岗位,为林农增加收入,创造良好的社会效益,同时也可以保护自然环境,促进林业可持续发展,创造良好的生态效益。本研究在借鉴国内外研究竹木复合材料经验的基础上,以单板和竹束为主要研究对象,旨在开发一种新型竹木复合材料—竹材夹芯板(竹木复合LVL),以用于地板、家具、台面板、工程建筑结构材等领域。本研究利用微生物电子显微镜通过形态学图像分析系统,测试比较了三种小径竹材的竹纤维形态,认为小径竹材可以作为竹材夹芯板原材料。试验参照单板层积材的制造工艺,制备了木复合竹材夹芯板,并对其性能进行了测试,分析竹材种类、单板品种、胶粘剂以及材料的辐照处理对竹材夹芯板性能的影响,探讨竹材夹芯板的制造工艺。通过试验,得出以下结论：1、木材单板与竹材竹束按照木质LVL的组坯方式组坯,采用三聚氰胺树脂、脲醛树脂为胶粘剂,经热压,制备竹材夹芯板的工艺是可行的。2、竹材夹芯板的含水率范围为6.7%-9.4%,符合人造板工艺的技术要求,其中柳桉单板+五叶斑竹试件的含水率较高。3、试件胶合强度在0.52-1.96MPa之间,竹/木单元、材料的预处理、胶粘剂等因素对胶合强度影响显著,马拉斯与四季竹、五叶斑竹单元组合的材料胶合强度较高,原料的预处理可以增强材料的胶合强度。4、竹材夹芯板的弹性模量在12.62—17.20GPa之间,竹材、单板、胶粘剂、辐照处理四种因素对于夹芯板的弹性模量均有显著的影响。5、试件的静曲强度在85.41-151.24MPa之间,竹材、单板、胶粘接、辐照处理对竹材夹芯板的静曲强度有显著的影响,不同因素组合对静曲强度也有极显著的影响。6、除了少数材料剥离比较严重,大部分表现出了良好的胶合性能。7、本试验条件下,竹材夹芯板的最佳制造工艺为：在压力P=1.3MPa、T=120℃、热压时间t=4min,马拉斯、四季竹、剂量100KGy的60Co-γ辐照处理、UF,按照木质单板层积材的顺纹方式组坯。8、最佳制备工艺条件下的性能指标如下：含水率为7.5%,浸渍剥离表现完好无损,胶合强度为2.59MPa,弹性模量为14.61GMPa、静曲强度为151.24MPa。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the continuous improvement of economic level and the change of people’s lives concept, human’s demand for wood and wood products continues to rise; However, due to the reduction of forest resources around the world, the contradiction between supply and demand becomes increasingly prominent. For its wide distribution, short growth cycle, good material and other characteristics, bamboo becomes the first choice as supplementary materials of wood. China’s bamboo resources are relatively abundant with yield and area being the first in the world. Vigorous development of the use of bamboo resources is one of the effective ways to ease the contradiction between timber supply and demand in China. Development and production of bamboo composite materials is an effective way to make full use of bamboo resources. It not only can ease the contradiction between supply and demand of timber, reduce forest cutting and foreign exchange expenditure, but also can create good economic returns for the enterprise and the state, provide jobs for some regions, increase income for the farmers, create good social benefits. Besides, it can protect the natural environment and promote sustainable development of the forestry to create good ecological benefits. Based on the experience of wood composite materials from home and abroad, taking veneer and bamboo beam as the main objects, this study aims to develop a new type of bamboo compound materials-bamboo sandwich boards (bamboo composite LVL), used in flooring, furniture, countertops, engineering, construction structural materials and other fields.By morphological image analysis system using microbial electron microscopy, the study tested and compared the bamboo fiber morphology of three kinds of bamboos with minor diameter and found that they can be used as raw materials of bamboo sandwich boards. Refer to the manufacturing process of LVL, bamboo sandwich boards were prepared and its performance was tested. It also analyzed bamboo species, veneer species, adhesives and the influence of the irradiation processing to raw materials on the performance of bamboo sandwich boards and studied the manufacturing process of bamboo sandwich boards. Through the experiment the following conclusions were drawn:1. Wood veneer and bamboo beam were assembled in accordance with the way of LVL, taking melamine resins and urea-formaldehyde resin as adhesives. It is feasible to prepare bamboo sandwich boards by hot-pressing.2. The moisture content of bamboo sandwich boards ranges from6.7%to9.4%in line with the technical requirements of man-made board process technology. The specimens with veneer of Eucalyptus saligne and Phyllostachys bammusoides have higher moisture content.3. The bonding strength of specimens ranges between0.52to1.96MPa and is significantly affected by bamboo/wood unit, the pretreatment of materials, adhesives and other factors. The bonding strength of the specimens in Homalium foetidum combined with Oligostachyum lubricum or Phyllostachys bammusoides is higher. Raw material pretreatment can enhance the bonding strength.4. The MOE of bamboo sandwich boards is between12.62and17.20GP, which is significantly affected by wood, veneer, adhesive and radiation processing.5. The MOR of specimen is between85.41and151.24MPa. Bamboo, veneer, adhesive connect and the irradiation treatment have significantly influence on the MOR of bamboo sandwich boards with significantly different influence of different factors.6. Except for a few serious stripping materials, most showed good agglutination performance.7. Under this experimental conditions, the best manufacturing process of bamboo sandwich boards are:P=1.3MPa, T=120℃,(pressing time) t=4min, the60Co-γ irradiation of100KGy dose on Homalium foetidum, Oligostachyum lubricum, UF and assemble according to the way of LVL.8. The performance index under the best preparation conditions are as follows: themoisture content being7.5%,bonding strength being2.59MPa, MOR being14.61GMPa,MOR being151.24MPa and perfect agglutination performance.更多还原