【作者】 李刚；

【导师】 李刚；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 体质健康是机体各种能力的综合反映，它是人们参与社会生活的物质基础，是人全面发展的必要因素。中小学生作为国家的未来与希望，是社会发展的潜在力量和储备力量，不但要具备丰富地科学文化知识、良好的道德风范，更应具备强健地体魄。为此，本研究以2005年和2010年全国学生体质健康调研结果为基础，对吉林省汉族中小学生的身体形态、生理机能、身体素质及相关派生指数进行综合分析，并试图通过探求教育行政部门、学校教育、家庭和学生等因素对学生体质健康发展的影响，进而提出进一步改善吉林省学生体质健康状况的干预手段和对策。研究发现，2010年吉林省中小学生的体质健康状况正在发生积极地改变，身体形态发育继续增长，肥胖和营养不良发生率明显减小；肺功能水平呈现了增长的趋势；身体素质下降的趋势得到了明显的遏制，部分身体素质出现小幅度的增长。但其中值得注意的是，学生的身体素质仍存在的下降问题，如中小学生的速度素质、耐力素质明显下降，小学生上肢肌肉力量仍存在下降的趋势等。究其原因，与当前相关政策法规的出台与实施、学生的生活方式、学校体育工作的开展以及家长的认识等方面是分不开的。为此，提出以下干预对策：（1）政府要实时加大对中小学生体育工作的管理力度，把中小学生的体质健康工作纳为重点，并尽可能的以法律的形式呈现其重要的地位。（2）教育行政部门要建立和完善学校体育工作的监督和检查制度以及检查结果的奖罚制度，并要在监督检查中加大学生体质健康工作的评估权重。同时，制定详尽的地方性体育课程计划和内容，并指导基础单位（学校）及其他相关部门执行，定期组织各级各类学校领导和体育教师及相关专家的学校体育工作会议。（3）学校应加强学生的健康管理，制定科学合理的作息制度，同时减轻学生课业负担，鼓励学生课余时间积极参加体育锻炼，并提供必要的指导。另外，还应予以一定的课时对学生进行卫生保健、营养膳食和疾病预防等的方面健康教育。（4）学校要建立学生体质健康情况的反馈系统，详尽的反映每个学生在身体形态、生理机能、运动素质方面的水平，促使家长、学校及社会上的有关人士共同关注，积极解决当前学生的体质健康问题。（5）家长应树立生理、心理、社会三维的健康观，同时应学习有关饮食营养的知识，调整饮食结构，合理膳食，使孩子养成良好的饮食习惯，并尽可能的为孩子提供良好的休息环境，保证孩子有充足的睡眠。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physical health is the comprehensive reflection of the various ability, it is people toparticipate in social life material base, is the necessary factor of all-round development.Primary and middle school students as the country’s future and hope, is the socialdevelopment potential strength and reserve force, not only should have rich knowledge ofscience and culture, good to the moral leadership, more should have strong body. Researchfound that2010primary and middle school students of jilin province, the physical health ofpositive change is happening, the body form development continue to grow, obesity andmalnutrition rate obviously decreased; Lung function on the level of growth trend; Thephysical quality of the decline of the trend has been obviously containment, part of the bodyquality appear small increase. But it is worth noting that the physical qualities of students stillexists down problems, such as the speed of primary and middle school students’ quality,endurance quality, small muscles power development declined obviously, and studentslower limb power outbreak, the elementary student upper limbs muscle strength still has adownward trend, etc. Investigate its reason, with the current policies and regulations come onstage with carry out, the way of life of the students, school sports work development and forparents to their students participate in sports aspects of knowledge is not divided. Therefore,this research suggests the following intervention strategies:(1) The government must intensify the primary and middle school students in real time sportsmanagement intensity of primary and middle school students’ physical health work, as the keypoint, and as far as possible in the form of law on the important position.(2) the education administrative department to build and improve the school sports work ofsupervision and inspection system and the results of the examination to punish system, and tothe supervision and inspection of the college students’ physical health of work to add weightassessment. At the same time, make elaborate local sports lesson plans and content, andinstruct the base unit (school) and other relevant departments to carry out, organize variousand of all kinds school physical education teachers and leadership and relevant experts schoolsports work session.(3) The school should strengthen students’ health management, to make a scientific andrational system of work and rest, and reduce the student schoolwork burden, encouragestudents after school time take an active part in physical exercise, and to provide thenecessary guidance. In addition, still should be certain class for students health care,nutritional meals and disease prevention and health education of the aspects.(4) the school to establish student physical health situation of feedback system, detailed reflect every student in the body form, physiological functions, the sports quality aspects ofthe level, parents, schools and society to the relevant people on the common attention, tosolve the current students’ physical health problems.(5) parents should set up the physical, psychological, social three-dimensional healthperspectives, pay attention to the child’s physical quality and the psychological quality of thetraining, you should also learn about the nutrition knowledge, adjust dietary structure, rationaldiet, make the child to have good eating habits, and as far as possible for children to providegood rest environment, guarantee the children have enough sleep.更多还原