【作者】 李静；

【导师】 王秀珍；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 环境科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 城市湿地号称城市的“天然空调”,对城市热环境的改善、城市景观的建设、城市自然物种的保护、城市防洪抗旱能力的提高等都具有深远的影响。然而近30年来,随着城市化进程的不断发展,城市扩张现象逐步加快,由此带来的城市建设用地占用现象较为突出,严重影响着城市居民生活水平的提高和公共社会事业的有序发展。本文选择位于中国东南沿海北部,有着江、河、湖、山交融的自然环境,素有“鱼米之乡”、“丝绸之府”、“人间天堂”之美誉的杭州为研究区。在广泛综述国内外研究城市湿地动态变化监测、城市地表温度分布和城市湿地与城市热场分布相关关系的基础上,应用TM/ETM遥感影像和地理信息技术,对杭州市城市湿地的动态变化和城市热场分布进行了量化研究,分析了二者之间存在的必然联系,体现了城市湿地在城市中的重要生态环境意义,最后提出了合理保护城市湿地,缓解城市热岛的措施和建议。本文主要结论如下：1.通过对杭州市1978-2010年城市湿地动态变化的定量研究,表明32年间杭州城市湿地区总面积锐减260.06km2,其中包括人工湿地249.75km2,沼泽湿地9.99km2；湿地区在空间分布上也发生了较大的位移,具体表现为向城市周边以平均每年100m的速度萎缩；湿地区中唯有湖泊湿地总面积增加1.97km2,这主要与近年来湿地保护相关部门和公众的投入与重视度有关,例如仅2002年西湖扩建工程使杭州湖泊湿地面积增加约0.27km2等。2.结合TM数据的实际情况,对数据进行预处理,利用前人对各种地温反演方法的对比研究成果,本节选用单窗算法计算地表温度,得到了杭州地区1994年5月12日、2000年10月11日和2010年5月24日三期热场空间分布图。通过与地面数据的对比检验,表明反演结果可信,该结果能够满足城市热场分布的进一步研究。3.根据杭州市土地利用分类图和热场分布图,运用热场分级分析和剖面分析的方法,对热场的分布情况以及与下垫面地类的对应关系进行了研究,结果表明城市湿地对城市热岛具有明显的降温作用,可以较为有效的应用于城市热岛的缓解工作中。同时,为了更好地保护和可持续地利用城市湿地,提出了城市湿地合理利用和保护措施,从优化城市规划布局、严格控制城市建设占用、湿地保护立法三个角度进行了观点阐释,以供相关部门参考借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Be hailed as "Natural Air Conditioner", the city wetland has profound effect on improving city thermal environment, city landscape construction, natural species protection and strengthening flood control and drought resistance. However, for nearly30years with urbanization development, more and more wetland was occupied for city construction, which has serious impact on residents living standard and social public development.This article selected Hangzhou located in China southeast coast as research area. Based on researches at home and abroad about monitoring wetland dynamic changes, city land surface temperature and Relationship between City Wetland Dynamic Change and Distribution of Thermal Field, it studied the positive connection between City Wetland dynamic change and land surface temperature distribution in Hangzhou by applying TM/ETM remote sensing and geomatics technology. It also revealed the ecological significance of wetland in the city, and presented the measures and suggestions on protecting city wetland, remitting city heat island.Conclusions:1. The wetland dynamic changes research between1978-2010shows the wetland area decreased sharply260.06km2during the last32years, including constructed wetland249.75km2, marsh9.99km2; the space distribution of wetland changed a lot by shrinking100m per year toward surrounding areas. Only lake wetland area increased1.97km2, i.e. the West Lake extension project in2002added0.27km2of lake wetland.2. Combined with TM data preprocessing and contrast studies of Methods to inversion Land Surface Temperature, three Thermal field space distributions on May12,1994, October11,2000and May24,2010were obtained in this section by using mono-window algorithm. The results was proved dependable and it could meet further research of city thermal field distribution.3. The article studied the connection of city thermal field distribution and land surface types by using Thermal field grade analysis and Profile analysis, the result indicated the city wetland has apparent cooling effect on city heat island. Meantime, in order to protect city wetland and follow the sustainable path, the article put forward the protection measures and rational utilization of wetland. It illustrated from three prospective of optimizing city layout, controlling strictly city construction occupation and wetland protection legislation to supply a reference to the departments concerned.更多还原