【作者】 许莹；

【导师】 吴畏；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 环境科学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 针对我国生活污水量逐年增加,水资源日趋匮乏,城市生活用水供应紧张,生活污水回收利用率低下等突出问题,本论文以生活污水为研究对象,在构建生物膜厌氧-好氧污水处理实验系统基础上,通过开展生活污水的好氧接触氧化法实验、厌氧生物滤池法实验、厌氧-好氧串联实验等中水回用实验的方法,探讨了利用生物膜法处理生活污水、实现高效中水回用的可行性,并在掌握各处理工艺过程中污水水质指标变化特性及其影响要素关系基础上,归纳出可以实现生活污水高效中水回用的生物膜法工艺的最佳操作参数。本论文结合生活污水水质的特点,有针对性地设计了合理的好氧生物接触氧化池及厌氧生物滤池等实验设备,并重点考察了经过好氧、厌氧及厌氧-好氧处理过程中,污水主要水质指标COD、氨氮、总磷及浊度等变化特性,解析了主要操作要素温度、曝气方式、曝气量以及搅拌速度等对水质指标的影响,进而归纳出可以实现高效中水回用的最佳操作条件。研究表明,生物接触氧化法实验中,污水中的COD、氨氮、总磷及浊度递减率均与温度成正比关系,温度的提高有利于好氧生化反应的深化。在实验温度10℃-30℃范围内,污水在最高温度30℃时获得最好的处理效果,污染物去除率最高。另外,连续曝气对于COD、氨氮、浊度的降低有促进作用,而间歇式曝气对脱除污水中的总磷有益。搅拌速度对各水质指标的改善影响各异,没有明确的规律性。曝气量的提高对总磷、氨氮、COD、浊度的去除有促进作用。厌氧生物滤池在污水处理前期对COD、氨氮的去除效果明显,而磷的脱除及浊度的降低需要较长时间。与好氧法相比,厌氧生物滤池的脱磷效果较好,而对于氨氮和浊度的去除效果相对较差。通过厌氧-好氧污水回用实验研究,证明了不同类型的生活污水经过处理后均可达到或基本满足再生水回用景观用水的水质标准(CJ/T95-2000)和中华人民共和国生活杂用水水质标准(CJ25.1-89),达到了生活污水中水回用标准,论证了论文所开发中水回用的可行性,并为进一步开发出实用且高效的小型中水回用系统提供了必要的实验依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Increasing amount and low reuse rate of domestic sewage with increasing year,and short supply of urban water due to water resource shortage were becoming very serious problems.To solve these problems,we chose domestic sewage as processing object and build the experimental installation of anaerobic-aerobic.Three sewage reuse experiment were carried out,which included bio-contact oxidation,anaerobic filter and anaerobic-aerobic.The feasibility of sewage reuse through bacterial film process was discussed in order to find the impact factors of the experimental installation and best operating parameters.According to the features of domestic sewage, the thesis designed reasonable biological contact oxidation pond and anaerobic biological filter as laboratory equipments, and mainly investigated the changes of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and turbidity in the water after aerobic, anaerobic and anaerobic-aerobic treatment, also analysed operating element of temperature, way of aeration, amount of oygenation and stirring rate on the impact of water quality,and got the best operating condition of high efficiency of the equipments.The results showed that the decreasing rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and turbidity were proportional to the temperature increase in the bio-contact oxidation experiment. Temperature rise is beneficial to the bio-contact oxidation. Among the experimental temperature range of10℃-30℃,30℃is the best temperature,at which the laboratory equipments got the best pollutantion removal rate. In addition, the continuous aeration is the best way of aeration for removing COD, ammonia nitrogen, turbidity, and intermittent aeration was useful for the removal of total phosphorus in sewage. Stirring rate has different effect on different pollutantions, there is no clear regularity. Improve the amount of oygenation is advantageous to pollutantions removal.In the early experiment of anaerobic filter, content of COD and ammonia nitrogen got down, and removal of total phosphorus and turbidity takes a long time. Compared with bio-contact oxidation, anaerobic biological filter had a better removal rate of total phosphorus and a poor removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and turbidity.According to the experiment results,the thesis proved that different kinds of domestic sewage after treatment could meet the standards of reusing sewage,which were water quality after (CJ/T95-2000) and the water quality of domestic sewage in the People’s Republic (CJ25.1-89).That proved the feasibility of reusing sewage of the thesis and provided necessary experimental basis for the further development of a practical and efficient system of small-scale water reuse.更多还原