留学生汉语语体转换能力考察与分析

【作者】 王桢；

【导师】 吴中伟；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 对外汉语教学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 已有的汉语作为第二语言语体研究主要采用问卷调查法,缺乏对留学生实际场景运用中语体性质的研究。笔者认为如果能对留学生的汉语实际运用进行语体研究,采用动态的实验的方式,可以从更深的层面了解留学生语体能力的掌握情况。本文对汉语语体进行了两种分类：一是从语域三因素理论出发,探讨了适合汉语教学的汉语语体分类系统,构拟了一个适用于初中级汉语教学的语体分类系统,分析了适用于高级阶段汉语教学的语体分类系统；一是从正式度理论出发,根据正式程度的不同,对汉语语体进行了正式度分类。根据两类语体分类标准,本文对中级学生的汉语语体转换能力进行了实验调查和分析。对实验所收集的语料加以实证性描述、对比分析和讨论。考察留学生在同一主题,不同语域的输出中所表现的语体转换能力,并具体观察不同水平的学习者在输出质量上所存在的差异。实验发现,中级阶段留学生已具有一定的语体区分意识,但语体转换能力不强,主要表现在语旨、语式和正式度三方面；亲密的语旨关系能刺激学生的语言输出,而非亲密的语旨关系中,学生的语言输出质量较差；学生在不同语式的转换方面表现不佳,将口语表达过的内容转换为书面形式对学生来说难度较大；中级阶段留学生的语体输出多样化能力较差,汉语正式语体的使用能力低于非正式语体的使用能力。同时实验发现,留学生汉语语体能力习得与汉语水平之间为正比关系。本文建议教师可以从语式、语场、语旨、语言正式度等角度对语体进行分析,加强学生对语体的理解和运用。通过提高学生语体意识,加强语体转换训练来促进留学生汉语语体能力螺旋上升式的提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 Existing research achievements on stylistic teaching and study of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language was mainly based on questionnaires, being lacking in the study of the practical use of language. The author believes that if we take more research on practical use, such as taking experimental tests, we can get a deeper understanding of foreign students grasping stylistic competence.This paper classified stylistic in two ways, one is based on register theory, aiming at forming a classification system suitable for teaching; one is based on formality differences, assorting stylistic by the degree of formality.According to these two classifications, this paper carried out an experimental test on the competence of Chinese stylistic switching. By study on the data collected from the test, this paper intended to investigate the stylistic competence of foreign students and to observe the difference between students of different levels. It was found that intermediate students already got stylistic awareness, but didn’t do well in stylistic switching, mainly reflecting in tenor, medium and formality aspects. Intimate tenor can stimulate the output of students, while students have poor performance in distant tenor part. It’s difficult for students to change what they had said in the test into written material. The variation of stylistic competence is also not optimistic, students showed poor performance in the usage of formal stylistic. Also, it was found that the competence of stylistic is proportional to the Chinese level of students.This paper recommends that teachers can analyze stylistic features of Chinese from four aspects:field, tenor, mode and formality,in order to enforce the understanding and using of Chinese stylistic. We can anticipate an ascendant helix improve by improving the stylistic awareness of students and strengthening the training of stylistic switching.更多还原