中高级阶段汉语学习者口语语块输出情况考察与分析

【作者】 李亮；

【导师】 吴中伟；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 汉语国际教育， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 自二十世纪八十年代初以来,语块理论成为语言教学研究中的一个重要理论视角。但是在对外汉语界,与语块相关的研究,还仅仅停留在讨论汉语语块分类、功能及其应用价值层面,理论引介和应用探讨居多,实证研究较少。在以往研究成果中,很多学者提到了语块理论对于提高汉语学习者口语输出质量的作用和意义,但却未能对汉语学习者的口语语块输出情况进行具体考察与分析。对此,论文通过语料分析、访谈与对比分析等方法,详细描写和分析了中高级阶段汉语学习者的口语语块,并将其与母语者的口语语块进行了对比。论文通过实证研究发现,中高级阶段汉语学习者的口语语块输出频率普遍低于母语者,其心理语块库存储量以及语块覆盖面明显低于母语者,存在高度使用简单和常见语块的现象。在语块类型方面,中高级阶段汉语学习者对固定日常用语、半固定短语结构和高频搭配这三类较为熟悉,固定熟语类语块掌握欠佳。在语块偏误方面,论文将学习者的常见语块偏误分成了语块误用、生造语块、语块残缺或赘余三类,认为输入质量不佳、母语负迁移、规则泛化、情感屏障和反馈缺失等都有可能造成语块偏误。论文共分为五章：第一章是绪论部分,介绍了该文的写作动机、意义、目的和方法。第二章是文献综述部分,回顾了语块理论的发展以及汉语语块及语块教学方面的相关研究。第三章是理论基础部分,梳理了语块与二语习得、语块的性质和特点,以及语块的类型等基本问题,为下一章的实证研究做好了理论铺垫。第四章是实证研究部分,主要包括语料来源、语料处理方法、访谈设计和初步分析结果。第五章是结语部分,主要总结了论文研究的一些基础结论及其对外汉语教学的一些启发,同时也指出了该研究还存在的几点不足。该论文研究有助于了解汉语学习者的口语语块输出特点与处理机制,研究结论对改进汉语教学和提高教材编写质量具有一定的参考意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chunking theories have become one of major theoretical perspectives in language education field since the beginning of1980s. In the field of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language (TCSL), most studies on Chinese language chunks focus on the categorization, functions and application values in language teaching. While most research mentioned that the use of lexical chunks plays an essential role in improving learner’s output ability, few empirical studies have been done on the description and analysis of language chunks in Chinese language learners’oral output. With this background, this dissertation tries to describe and analyze the chunks in the intermediate and advanced level learners’oral output using methods of language corpse analysis, face-to-face interviews and contrastive analysis and compare them with native Chinese speakers.Based on the empirical study, the Chinese language learners tend to use easy chunks with a lower frequency and smaller inventories of language chunks compared with native Chinese speakers. And learners are more familiar with institutionalized expressions, phrasal structures and high frequency collocations than the idioms. Regarding the errors when using language chunks, this dissertation put them into three categories:misused chucks, self-made chunks and ill-constructed chunks and identify that inappropriate input, negative transfer of the native language, overgeneralization, emotional barrier and lack of feedbacks are five major reasons behind those errors.The dissertation includes five Chapters:Chapter one is an introduction to the writing motivation, the significance of the research, the writing goals and the method used.Chapter two is a brief retrospect of the historical development of language chunking theories and the related studies on Chinese language chunks.Chapter three is an explore of the language chunks in second language acquisition and the definition, classifications and functions.Chapter four is an empirical study including the design, the subjects, the operation and key results.Chapter five is the conclusion including key findings, the application value of the results in TCSL and the shortcomings of this dissertation.The study sheds light on the language chunks in the Chinese language learners’ oral output and can be good references for adjusting language teaching methods and improving the efficiency of language acquisition.更多还原