【作者】 张晶；

【导师】 王洪涛；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 垃圾填埋处置方式操作管理相对简单、投资及运行费用相对较低，是我国现阶段乃至今后长期的主要垃圾处置方式，垃圾填埋场恶臭污染现已成为全球广泛关注的环境问题。本研究针对北京市阿苏卫填埋场恶臭污染控制中亟待解决的关键问题，结合长期积累的科研和工程实践基础，开展了典型生活垃圾填埋场恶臭污染特征研究，探明了阿苏卫垃圾填埋场恶臭污染源组分及排放特征、恶臭污染物浓度及其动态变化特征以及影响恶臭污染的主要环境因素。研究取得的主要成果有：1、阐明了我国典型生活垃圾填埋场的恶臭污染特征。通过现场监测，明确填埋作业面为北京阿苏卫垃圾填埋场主要恶臭污染源；采用气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术，共定量识别出57种微量气体，填埋作业面、填埋气导管处、静态箱处分别定量检测出44种、39种、36种恶臭气体；其中硫化氢及其他含硫化合物、芳香烃和各种饱和及不饱和烃为主要成分。2、我国填埋场恶臭气体组分特征与发达国家的差异主要是由于垃圾成分差异所导致的，不同深度填埋气成分差异是由于垃圾降解阶段不同所导致的，填埋场恶臭源成分中BTEX（苯，甲苯，乙苯，二甲苯）的比例与城市源有显著区别，我国填埋场B/T比远高于美国等发达国家。2、通过静态箱法，定量计算得到三氯氟甲烷、2-甲基丁烷、甲硫醚、甲苯、α-蒎烯、四氯乙烯、苯和邻二甲苯等8种物质的排放通量，其中三氯氟甲烷的年排放量与美国环保署LandGEM软件的预测结果有较好的可比性，证明静态箱法可作为确定填埋场恶臭物质源强的一种方法。3、通过对作业面、静态箱和场界处主要恶臭组分浓度随时间变化特征的分析，揭示了填埋主要恶臭气体组分动态规律，通过相关性分析，解析了北方平原型厌氧填埋场污染源及场界处主要恶臭气体组分浓度随气温、相对湿度、气压、风速和等环境因素的变化规律，结果表明，温度和相对湿度是影响填埋场恶臭组分浓度变化的主要因素。4、以臭气强度评价填埋场恶臭污染水平，填埋场作业面和填埋气中主要含硫化合物均达到甚至远超过“明显感知”等级水平；较低浓度分担率的甲硫醇和甲硫醚臭气强度却相对较高，需要格外关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landfill is the major disposal method in China recently and in the long-term future.Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odourspotentially creating result in annoyance in the surrounding population in the world wide.In recent years, the odour pollution incidents had always occurred in many typicalMSW landfills all around China, where the residents lodged complaints about theintense odour from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government.In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted in the Asuwei landfill site, Beijing.The main odour composition of the gas samples collected in spring was sampledusing “lung method” and determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), which detected57odorous gases in total. The sampling positions include thedumping area, the landfill gas pipes and the static chamber, and there were44,39and36odorous gases which had been measured and quantified.The environmental sampling point of the dumping area was found to be the mainodour sources at Asuwei landfill site. The measured odorous gases included inorganiccompounds (e.g., ammonia and hydrogen sulfide), halogenated compounds (e.g.,chlorobenzene), aromatics (e.g., benzene, toluene), ketones, esters, hydrocarbon (e.g.,hexane and octane), other sulfur and nitrogen compounds (e.g., dimethyl sulfide, methylmercaptan).The difference between odour components in China and in the developed countrieswas mainly due to the different components of waste. The difference among thecomponents of landfill gas from different depth was due to different stages of waste’sdegradation. The ratio of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes) in landfillsource and city source had significant differences; the B/T ratio in China was higherthan USA and other developed countries.In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (H2S and NH3) concentrationsat different time in the landfill site during sampling day were also investigated by usingonline data. Results showed that H2S was the notable odour component contributing to5.63–30.10%of total concentrations. According to the correlations analysis by SPSS,the temporal shift of H2S concentration was observed and was significantly affected byenvironmental factors including temperature and relative humidity.Moreover, the emission fluxes of trichlorofluoromethane and other7odorous gaseswere determined by the static chamber method. Specially, the annual emission oftrichlorofluoromethane was comparable with the estimation figure by the software ofUSEPA’s LandGEM.更多还原