【作者】 胡慧；

【导师】 王礼桂；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 公共卫生， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目的了解武汉市流动儿童的心理测评状况及其孤独感检出率；探索影响武汉市流动儿童孤独感的相关因素；探讨人格在孤独感与家庭亲密度和适应性之间的中介作用，为日后开展流动儿童孤独感的干预提供科学依据。方法采取整群随机抽样方法抽取武汉市四所小学共1330人作为研究对象，其中流动儿童470人（35.34%），非流动儿童860人（64.66%）。使用儿童孤独量表、儿童艾森克人格问卷（E量表和N量表）、家庭亲密度与适应性问卷以及流动儿童一般情况调查表进行调查。所有数据采用Epidata3.1建库录入，经逻辑检验无误后，应用SPSS18.0软件进行统计学分析，统计方法主要包括：描述性统计分析、t检验，方差分析，卡方检验，相关分析，Logistic回归等。结果1.调查对象的一般情况：在1330份有效样本中，流动儿童470人（35.34%），其中男生270人（57.4%），女生200人（42.6%）。非流动儿童860人（64.66%），其中男生461人（53.6%），女生399人（45.0%）。文化程度方面，流动儿童的父母多集中在初中文化程度，非流动组则集中在高中或中专以上，文化程度普遍较高。职业方面，流动组儿童父母多集中在其他岗位，分布较广泛。非流动组儿童的父亲职业多为专业人员，母亲职业则多为服务人员。2.心理测评情况分析两组儿童心理测评情况比较，孤独感的测评均分，流动组儿童（32.27±10.80）高于非流动组（30.06±11.23），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。家庭亲密度与适应性维度的测评均分则相反，流动组低于非流动组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。人格的测评均分则相近,差异无统计学意义。流动儿童的心理测评情况分析：①性别差异：孤独感得分上，男生（31.92±10.42）高于女生（29.43±9.58），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。家庭亲密度与适应性维度的测评均分则相反，女生高于男生，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在人格的内外向与神经质维度上，男女生测评均分的差异无统计学意义。②年级差异：不同年级流动儿童孤独感的得分存在显著性差异，经两两比较，三年级孤独感的得分高于其他年级，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同年级流动儿童人格的内外向与神经质维度及家庭亲密度与适应性维度的得分差异均无统计学意义。3.孤独感检出率：两组儿童孤独感检出率上，流动组高于非流动组儿童，分别为11.3%和9.0%，两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同性别流动儿童孤独感检出率，男女组间差异无统计学意义。不同年级流动儿童孤独感检出率存在显著性差异，经两两比较，三年级孤独感检出率高于其他年级，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三年级儿童孤独感检出率最高，为22.4%。4.流动儿童孤独感的影响因素分析：多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，在扣除其他在单因素分析结果中有显著意义的因素后，影响流动儿童孤独感的独立因素有：相处比较融洽的同学的个数、最常使用何种语言。回归系数分别为5.236、1.863，OR值分别为3.137、1.822。5.流动儿童孤独感与人格及家庭亲密度和适应性的相关性。相关分析结果显示：孤独感与人格的内外向维度呈负相关（r=-0.311，P<0.05），与神经质维度呈正相关（r=0.396，P<0.05）；与家庭亲密度呈负相关（r=-0.346,P<0.05），与适应性维度呈负相关（r=-0.375,P<0.05）。6.人格在孤独感与家庭亲密度和适应性之间的中介作用探讨。多元回归结果显示，人格在家庭亲密度和适应性与孤独感间存在部分中介作用。结论流动组儿童父母的文化程度普遍低于非流动组，职业分布上较广泛；流动组儿童孤独感得分高于非流动组儿童，家庭亲密度和适应性得分则低于非流动组。流动儿童中，男生的孤独感得分高于女生，家庭亲密度和适应性则低于女生。三年级的流动儿童孤独感得分相对于其他年级为最高；孤独感检出率上，流动组高于非流动组。流动儿童孤独感检出率上，三年级孤独感检出率最高。提示学校和家庭应多关注三年级流动儿童的孤独感状况。相处比较融洽的同学的个数、最常使用何种语言为流动儿童孤独感发生的可能影响因素，相处比较融洽的同学个数多的其发生孤独感的可能性比个数少的流动儿童低；流动儿童使用家乡话越频繁，孤独感越高；流动儿童的孤独感、人格、家庭亲密度和适应性之间存在相关性。流动儿童的性格越外向越稳定，家庭亲密度和适应性越好，孤独感就越低，反之则越高；人格在孤独感与家庭亲密度和适应性之间存在的中介作用提示：在改善流动儿童孤独感情绪状况的干预中，仅仅关注改善流动儿童家庭的亲子关系是不够的，将培养流动儿童的良好性格作为其中一个环节会更有利于孤独感的干预。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the current situation of loneliness among the migrant children in Wuhan and its influencing factors, to explore the differences of loneliness, personality, family cohesion and adaptability between the migrant children and non-flow children, to explore the intermediary role of the personality of between loneliness and family cohesion and adaptability, so as to provide a scientific basis for the intervention of the loneliness of migrant children.Method Take the cluster random sampling method to select four primary schools in Wuhan, a total of1330students as the object in our study, including470migrant children(35.34%) non-migrant children860(64.66%).The survey was conducted by Children’s Loneliness Scale, the children of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (E scale and N scale), Family Adaptability and Cohension Scale, as well as the general questionnaire of migrant children. All data were entered by Epidata3.1. After the logical test, all data were analyzed by SPSS18.0. The statistical methods include descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, chi-square test, correlation analysis, logistic regression.Results1. General survey:in1330valid samples, there were470migrant children (35.34%),860non-migrant children (64.66%).There were statistically significant difference on the grade distribution between the migrant group and non-migrant group. On the degree of education, the parents of migrant children were more concentrated in the junior middle school, non-current group was concentrated in the high school or college. There were statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). On the career, the parents of migrant group were more concentrated in other positions,but for non-current group,father’s occupation were mostly professionals, mothers were concentrated in service industries, the difference of the two group was statistically significant (P<0.05)2. Psychometric analysis of two groups:Evaluation of equalization on the loneliness, the score of the migrant group was higher than the non-current group of children (P<0.05), but the family cohesion and adaptability was opposite, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Intimacy dimensions, the migrant group (44.79±8.73) lower than the non-current group (46.84±9.49), and adaptability dimensions, the migrant group(67.06±10.42) was also lower than the non-current group (69.63±10.74). For the incidence of loneliness, the migrant group was higher than the non-current group, the result was statistically significant (P<0.05)3. Analysis of psychological evaluation of the situation of migrant children:①gender differences:the scores of boys were higher than girls in the evaluation of loneliness, but in the evaluation of family cohesion and adaptability the result was opposite.Both the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).②grade difference:the score of the different grades of loneliness were significant different, by pair comparisons, the loneliness score of the third grade are higher than other grades and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).③incidence of the loneliness:There was no significant difference between boys and girls, the difference between grades was statistically significant(P<0.05)4. Correlations among loneliness of migrant children, personality, family cohesion and adaptability. Correlation analysis showed that: family cohesion and adaptability and the E dimensions of personality were significantly negatively correlation with loneliness (P<0.05), the N dimensions of personality was positively correlated with loneliness (P<0.05)5. The influencing factors of the loneliness of the migrant children.The multiple logistic regression analysis results showed that the influencing factors of migrant children’s loneliness were the number of the friends students get along with, the current use of the language (P<0.1) The regression coefficients were5.236,1.863, and the OR values were3.137,1.822.6. Mediation effect of personality between family cohesion and adaptability and the loneliness. Multiple regression analysis showed that the personality was an intermediary role between family cohesion and adaptability and loneliness.ConclusionParents of the migrant children in the educational level is generally lower than the non-current group. The score of migrant group of children’s loneliness and the detection rate of loneliness were higher than non-current group of children, but the family cohesion and adaptability was opposite.The scores of boys were higher than girls in the evaluation of loneliness, but in the evaluation of family cohesion and adaptability the result was opposite. The loneliness score and the detection rate of loneliness of the third grade were higher than other grades. The scores of family cohesion and adaptability was lowest in third grade children. The more outgoing and stable of the migrant children, the more better of family cohesion and adaptability, the more lower the sense of loneliness would be.The influencing factors of migrant children’s loneliness were the number of the friends that students get along with and the current use of the language.The incidence of loneliness of students who had more friends to get along with was lower than that who had few friends; The sense of loneliness for the migrant children who used the dialect more frequently was higher.Mediation effect of personality between family cohesion and adaptability and the loneliness told that interventions to improve the emotional state of loneliness of migrant children only focus on improving the parent-child relationship is not enough.更多还原