【作者】 李静；

【导师】 江合宁；

【作者基本信息】 兰州商学院 ， 经济法， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 农村合作金融组织作为向农村和农业提供金融服务的重要力量,关系到我国农村经济的发展。农村信用社曾经是我国农村地区主要的金融机构，但是随着国家经济体制的改革和发展，农村信用社的经营目标越来越偏离其服务“三农”的经营宗旨。同时农村信用社功能的异化给农村金融市场，特别是农村金融低端市场留下了很大的空白。此外，我国现行法律在保障农村合作金融组织的发展方面，只有一些相关的暂行规定或指导意见，政府相关部门只是用管理商业银行的法律来监管农村合作金融组织，到目前为止并没有出台一部针对农村合作金融的法律，相关法律制度的缺位也影响了新型农村合作金融组织的发展。旧的农村合作金融组织不断向商业性金融组织转变，而新的农村合作金融组织也在不断产生，在这一制度变迁的过程中法律应当扮演什么角色。基于以上原因，本文在分析目前我国农村合作金融发展的现状、困难的同时，针对现有法律制度供应的缺位问题，提出解决对策。首先，应当加快立法的步伐，制定一部专门针对农村地区的《农村合作金融法》，从立法方面为新型农村合作金融组织的发展保驾护航。同时，国外一些国家农村合作金融组织之所以发展的相当成熟，归其原因就是国家有完备的立法和宽松适度的监管原则，这些是值得我们借鉴的。其次可以从新型农村合作金融组织内部法律制度方面明确其组织形式、产权制度等；外部法律制度的保障方面，则需要给新型农村合作金融组织的发展创造一个良好的金融环境。此外我们的政府应该对新型农村合作金融组织给予扶持和优惠政策，建立合理的监管原则，促进农村金融健康发展。本文研究的主要内容包括六个部分：第一部分为绪论。总结国内外目前的研究成果，提出旧有的农村合作组织已经发生异化，本文研究的重点是新型农村合作金融组织—农村资金互助社。第二部分介绍合作金融的理论释义以及我国农村传统合作金融。详细阐述了合作经济和合作金融的概念、原则以及我国农村传统合作金融的模式。第三部分介绍我国新型农村合作金融组织的产生背景及发展状况。之所以新型农村合作金融组织在我国各地蓬勃发展，是因为目前农村经济发展迅速，资金需求量大，传统农村合作金融组织发生异化，向商业性靠拢，而国家的政策性银行并不能完全解决农村地区融资难的问题。第四部分总结目前我国新型农村合作金融组织的立法现状：没有专门的法律配套措施，一些指导意见或暂行规定也没有明确其产权制度、组织体系，政府有时过分干预阻碍其发展，监管体系的不健全也是法律保障方面的缺位。第五部分介绍比较有特色的国外合作金融组织的发展背景及现状。国外一般是先立法，因此农村合作组织有国家完善的法律制度做后盾，同时国家也给农村合作组织创造一个良好的外部环境，并给予优惠扶持政策，因此合作金融组织才能迅速发展壮大。第六部分是构建新型农村合作金融组织的法律对策：从内部法律制度方面，要明确其服务对象和经营范围，明确组织设立、退出机制，明确新型农村合作金融组织的产权制度；从外部法律制度方面，要健全法律体系结构，加强金融基础设施建设，为其发展创造一个良好的竞争环境，拓宽新型农村合作金融组织的资金来源渠道；此外要正确处理新型农村合作金融组织和政府的关系，建立政府干预的约束制度和优惠扶持政策，同时政府可以引导和帮助成立一个行业自律组织，来规范新型农村合作金融组织健康发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rural cooperative financial organizations as an important forcein providing financial services to rural and agricultural related to thedevelopment of Chinese rural economy. Rural credit cooperatives havemajor financial institutions in Chinese rural areas, but as the country’seconomic system reform and development, the business objectives of therural credit cooperatives and further away from its services businesspurpose of the "three rural". The alienation of the rural credit cooperativesfunction to rural financial markets, especially the lower end of the ruralfinancial market has left a great blank. In addition, the development ofour existing laws to protect rural cooperative financial organizations,Interim regulations or guidance, the relevant government departments,but with the laws of the management of commercial banks to monitor therural cooperative financial organizations, so far has not introduced a ruralcooperative finance law, the absence of relevant laws and regulationsaffecting the development of new rural cooperative financialorganizations. The old rural cooperative financial organizations continueto change to the commercial financial organizations, and the new ruralcooperative financial organizations are constantly generated, should bethe role of law in this process of institutional change.For the above reasons, the paper analyzes the current developmentstatus of Chinese rural cooperative financial difficulties at the same time, the absence of existing legal regime for the supply of proposed countermeasures. First, we should accelerate the pace of legislation may establisha specific in rural areas, rural cooperative financial law from thelegislation for the development of new rural cooperative financialorganizations escort. At the same time, some foreign countries ruralcooperative financial organizations was the development of quite mature,the property of their reasons is that the country has a comprehensivelegislative and liberal and moderate regulatory principles, these arenoteworthy.We can be followed from the new rural cooperative financialorganizations, the internal legal system of clear organizational forms,property rights system; the protection of the external legal system, youneed to create a favorable financial environment for the development ofnew rural cooperative financial organizations. In addition, ourgovernment should give support and preferential policies of the new ruralcooperative financial organizations to establish sound regulatoryprinciples, to promote the healthy development of rural finance.The main content of this paper consists of six parts: The first part isthe introduction. Summarized and the current research, asked the old ruralcooperative organizations have taken place in the alienation, the focus ofthis paper is a new type of rural cooperative financial organizations-ruralcredit union funds. The second section describes the cooperative financialtheory Interpretation and traditional rural cooperative financial. Elaborated the concept of cooperation in economic and cooperativefinancial principles as well as traditional rural cooperative financialmodel. The third section describes the background and development ofnew rural cooperative financial organizations. The reason why the newrural cooperative financial organizations all over the country to flourishbecause of the rapid economic development in rural areas, the demand forfunds, the traditional rural cooperative financial organizations alienation,closer to the commercial, the country’s policy bank, and does not fullyaddress rural areas the problem of financing. The fourth sectionsummarizes the status quo of Chinese new rural cooperative financialorganizations legislation: There is no specific law supporting measures,guidance or the Interim Provisions is no clear system of property rights,organizational system, the government sometimes excessive interventionthat hinder its development, the absence of the regulatory system is notperfect, of the legal guarantee. The fifth section describes thecharacteristics of foreign background and current situation of thecooperative financial organization. Foreign general legislation, the RuralCooperative Organization countries improve the legal system backed bycountries to the rural cooperative organizations to create a favorableexternal environment, and to give preferential policy, the cooperativefinancial organizations to rapidly develop and grow. The sixth part of thelegal construction of the new rural cooperative financial organizations: From the internal legal system, to clearly identify its objects and scope ofbusiness, the establishment of clear organization, the exit mechanism, aclear system of property rights for the new rural cooperative financialorganizations; From the external legal system is necessary to improve thestructure of the legal system, strengthen the financial infrastructureconstruction, and its development to create a favorable competitiveenvironment, to broaden the sources of funds of the new rural cooperativefinancial organizations; In addition to correctly handle the relationship ofthe new rural cooperative financial organizations and government, theestablishment of the restraint system and the preferential policy ofgovernment intervention, the same time, the government can guide andhelp the establishment of an industry self-regulatory organization toregulate the healthy development of the new rural cooperative financialorganizations.更多还原