【作者】 张婷；

【导师】 吴开亚； 吴克；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 环境科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在城市生活垃圾的处理过程中会产生CO₂、CH₄和N₂O等温室气体。其中CH₄对温室效应贡献仅次于CO₂，其100年的全球增温潜势值是CO₂的21倍，而N₂O在大气中的停留时间可达114年，这些气体的产生对地球的增温效应十分明显。为了有效控制温室气体的排放减缓全球气候变暖的趋势，工业生产、农业活动和废弃物处理等社会各部门都肩负着温室气体减排的重要的任务。本文首先分析了人口增长，经济发展及居民生活习惯等对生活垃圾产生的影响，然后采用“IPCC1996指南”中推荐的经验模型对合肥市2001-2010年合肥市生活垃圾填埋场产生的主要温室气体进行了计算，合肥市垃圾填埋场产生的CO₂从2001年的10.60¹4.85万t增长到2010年的30.62³8.74万t，总量增加了约2倍，其中2010年开始运行的填埋气发电项目在运行后的16.5个月内通过替代传统电厂发电减少了12.92万吨CO₂排放，约合每月减排0.78万吨CO₂。合肥市城市生活垃圾焚烧项目，不仅能够实现城市生活垃圾的无害化和减量化，改善合肥市城市生活垃圾处理手段单一低效的现状，还能减少火力发电厂和生活垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放，在该项目投入运行的头10年，每年可发电243,000MWh，通过发电带来的CO₂减排效益将达到214万吨。本文的研究表明，城市生活垃圾处理是不可忽视的温室气体来源之一，城市的发展规模和居民的消费习惯决定了生活垃圾的产量，而生活垃圾处理方法则对最后产生的温室气体的多少有着直接的影响，只要能够建立合理的城市生活垃圾低碳管理体系，科学改进生活垃圾处理方法，积极开展能源回收利用的项目，那么城市生活垃圾处理部门有着巨大的温室气体减排潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of municipal solid waste treatment, the greenhouse gas like CO₂,CH₄and N₂O are produced. The contribution of CH₄on the greenhouse effect isonly second to CO₂and its100-year global warming potential value is21timesthan CO₂. The residence time of N₂O in the atmosphere is up to114years, thesegases on the Earth’s warming effect are very obvious. In order to slow the trend ofglobal warming effectively by control greenhouse gas emissions, the sectors ofindustrial production, agricultural activities and waste disposal are all charged withthe important task of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.This paper first analyzed impact on the production of municipal solid waste bypopulation growth, economic development and living habits and so on. Then usingempirical model recommended in the “IPCC1996Guidelines” calculated generatedgreenhouse gases produced by Hefei garbage landfill during2001-2010, the resultshows that carbon emissions have soared from ca.0.11⁰.15million tons to0.31⁰.39million tons over the last ten years. The total amount has increased inabout2folds. The landfill gas power plant project reduced ca.0.13million tonscarbon dioxide by an alternative to traditional power plants generate electricity inthe16.5months（matched7.8thousand tons monthly）after its ran from2010.Municipal solid waste incineration generating project can not only make wastequantitative reduction and harmlessness, but also improve the of Hefei’s status ofwaste disposal which is inefficient because of the single technical means. And theproject can reduce the greenhouse gas emission from the thermal power plant andlandfills. The Calculation Results showed that in the first ten years after the projectrunning, the energy output will be243thousand MWh every year. The carbondioxide mitigation benefits will reach2.14million tons.This study shows that the municipal solid waste disposal is one of theimportant source of greenhouse gases that cannot be ignored, the scale of urbandevelopment and people’s consumption habits determine the production of garbage,and garbage disposal methods have a direct impact on the final production ofgreenhouse gases, as long as we can establish reasonable MSW low-carbon management system, scientific improvement of living garbage disposal methodsand actively carry out the project of energy recycling, municipal solid wastedisposal department has a huge potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.更多还原