塔河油田原油集输管道防蜡技术研究

【作者】 李俊；

【导师】 梁光川；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 目前塔河油田正处于三采期,其生产的原油油品流动性差,属于典型的“三高”原油。原油集输管道出现了不同程度的结蜡现象,严重影响了管道的安全运行。通常采用的加热输送方式存在输量范围较窄、输送能耗大、设备的投资运行费用高等问题。加剂输送可以改变原油中固态烃的结晶形态,使其不易形成空间网络结构,以达到改善原油低温流变性的目的。但是,塔河原油物性变化大,流型较为复杂,不同原油对防蜡剂的感受性也不相同。因此,有必要对其物性进行研究,研制出合适的防蜡剂,进一步研究原油在管输过程中的防蜡方案,从而降低能耗和生产成本。本文介绍了原油集输管道防蜡技术的现状和发展,通过开展室内实验分析了塔河原油的基本物性和粘温特性,从理论上分析和总结了原油集输管道的蜡沉积机理及其影响因素,通过室内分析实验研究了塔河原油蜡沉积规律,并结合相关理论分析了塔河原油集输管道的蜡沉积机理。本文结合塔河原油的物性分析结果,根据油田化学和高分子化学等理论,针对现场采集的油样室内合成了4种防蜡剂。针对不同的油样,通过开展室内实验进行了防蜡剂的筛选工作,最终确定了防蜡剂的类型及最佳加剂条件。同时结合塔河油田的实际生产情况,开展室内实验研究了防蜡剂和防垢剂的配伍性问题。基于以上研究成果,提出了塔河油田原油集输管道的防蜡方案：采用加剂与超声波处理相结合的防蜡工艺,并论证了防蜡技术方案的可行性。最后对防蜡方案的经济效益进行了计算与分析,结果表明该防蜡方案经济效益可观。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ta He oil field is in the period of tertiary oil recovery,the oil that it products has poor mobility and belongs to"three high"crude oil.Different level wax precipitation had existed in oil gathering and transportation pipilines since Ta He oil field exploited, which affects the safe operation of pipelines. Heating transportation commonly adopted has the defects as narrow transportation scope, great transportation energy consumption, high investment and operating costs of facilities etc. Adding depressant into the crude can effectively change the crystal morphology of solid hydrocarbon of crude oil, which makes it difficult to form network space.It can improve the rheological behaviour at lower temperature, reduce energy consumption and production cost. But the oil of Ta He oil field has the large variation range of physical properties and complicated flow patterns. Different paraffin inhibitor has sensitivity according to the different oil. Therefore, it is necessary to study Ta He oil field physical properties,develops the appropriate paraffin inhibitor and further researching on paraffin inhibition scheme in the oil piprline transportation,which can reduce energy consumption and production costs.This thesis introduced the present situation and development of oil gathering and transportation pipeline paraffin control technologies.The basic characteristics and viscosity-temperature characteristics of Ta He oil were analynized according to the laboratory experiments. Then this thesis analyzed and summarized the mechanism and affecting factors of wax deposition in pipelines, studied the wax deposition rule of Ta He oil through laboratory experiments, analyzed the cause of paraffin deposition in Ta He oil pipeline with the related theory.This thesis combined oil physical analysis results and synthesized four kinds of paraffin inhibitor in connection with the oil samples which collected at the scene acconding to the theory of applied chemistry and high polymer chemistry.According to the different oil samples,paraffin inhibitor selection works were conducted through laboratory experiments and determined the optimal paraffin inhibitor type and adding conditions. Combined with the Ta He oil field practical production conditions, the compatibility between paraffin inhibition scale inhibitor was studied through laboratory experiments.On the basis of laboratory experiments results, the paraffin inhibition schemes for Ta He oil field oil gathering and transportation pipeline is proposed:the scheme that adding depressant into oil combining with ultrasonic treatment was adopted and the feasibilities of paraffin inhibition schemes were demonstrated. Finally, the the economic benefits of paraffin inhibition schemes were calculated and analynized, which showed that it can get substantial economic benefits.更多还原