【作者】 许晶；

【导师】 李晓岚；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 舍伍德·安德森(1876—1941)是二十世纪美国最伟大的文学巨匠之一,尽管在三十年代,安德森新颖的作品和写作手法曾遭到非议与冷落,但是其深刻的人性关怀主题仍然使其在当代美国文学史上占据着举足轻重的位置。小说《小城畸人》在1919年出版,由二十五篇独立的故事组成,整本书看似松散,实际上有一个统一的主题和一位表面上的主人公。它标志着安德森在文学创作上的成熟：通过对“畸人”的行为及内心的描写来描述工业革命初期,社会形态转变中的小镇上,人们之间的复杂关系,冷漠的亲情、疏离的人际关系等。本文通过对畸人的深入剖析描绘了他们在社会变更时期的畸形生活状态,以及生活中的表现。通过作者的细致的描述和新颖的写作手法展现了一幅美国社会变更时期小城“畸人”的群体画面。围绕上述观点,全文共分六章：第一章为本文提供背景知识,及国内外对于作者的研究,铺垫了作品的社会环境。第二章讨论了《小城畸人》中各具代表的畸形人物形象,人物刻画方面生动的展现在大家面前：他们有亲情的纠结,爱情的痛楚,信仰的无力,沟通的渴望,种种彷徨与落寞,最终成为相互疏离的孤独的畸人。在每一个故事中,不是单单表现表面的人生经验,而是通过典型的畸人形象走入人物的内心世界,畸人们坚持着传统道德却被剥夺了话语权,生存于社会边缘,如里菲医生,伊丽莎白·威拉德等。第三章是关于畸人的心理特征描写,孤独,压抑,宗教信仰的困惑等心理特征的归类,都让我们看到了作家在心理描写上的细致入微。第四章是关于畸人刻画方面的技巧,松散的结构,简洁质朴的语言风格和内心独白使得小说故事好像发生在我们生活中间,人物形象更加真实。象征的用法可以更深层次的描述人物形象。自传性质的表述是将作者自身的欲望转移到刻画的人物身上并将其升华为文学作品,所以对作家本人的经历和欲望加以分析,能够对其作品达到更好的理解。中心人物的威拉德把所有的畸人形象联系在一起,通过和他们的交流来打破隔绝,在这个过程中乔治被畸人包围并不断成长,让故事既松散又连贯更加完整。安德森的创作理念与方法对后来的作家,比如海明威以及福克纳等都产生了深远的影响。第五章分析畸人形成的外部社会大环境,机器时代和田园生活中的迷失,及内部自身的失败沟通等原因。通过分析畸人形成的主客观原因,工业化的冲击,或是内心的渴望与期盼都让人们更加深刻的体会到畸人的转变过程。第六部分结论中阐述：工业革命带来的社会繁荣却让小镇中的人们精神变得荒芜。人们渴望爱与被爱,却不断遭受冷漠的对待。精神的压抑与桎梏使他们变成所谓的畸人,他们中间有老师,医生,牧师这样令人羡慕的职业。通过对畸人形象的分析,我们了解他们都是工业化社会中的牺牲品。小城的畸人现象是美国当时社会的缩影,是一个转型社会的缩影。在同情与悲叹中,我们也看到了作者对于主人公们的未来期待,期待着他们能承载着梦想高飞。当今社会面临着社会转型的关键时期,人们面临着更多的压力与巨变,现在的中国社会和小说的时代背景有些许相似,也许畸人的故事会是一些有用的启示,生活在那样环境中的人需要强大的内心支撑,才能不在孤独压抑中徘徊,不在困惑中迷失,这样的支持来自温暖的亲情,甜蜜的爱情,心灵深处的沟通,自我奋斗的历程,以及对未来美好生活的强烈信仰。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sherwood Anderson(1876-1941) was one of America’s greatest literary giants in the twentieth century. His novel works and writing technique were criticized and neglected in the1930’s, yet his works has profound theme of human caring, occupying a pivotal position in the contemporary history of American literature. Winesburg, Ohio was published in1919, consisting of25independent short stories. The whole book with a loose structure, has one unifying theme, and a functional figure George Willard. It marked the peak of Andersen’s creation. Through the description of the grotesque’s behavior and inner activities show the main theme in Winesburg, Ohio at the beginning of Industrial revolution the indifference between people, alienated pathological relationship in the western town.Depicting their twisted living conditions and their behavior in the social transitional period was by deep analysis. This paper shows a picture of group grotesque by detailed description and innovative writing style.On the above point of view, the paper can be divided into six chapters:Chapter One provides the background knowledge, and the study of the author at home and abroad, foreshadowing the work of the social environment. Chapter Two discusses the typical representative grotesque characters display the characterization vividly before the readers in Winesburg, Ohio, the tangle of affection, the pain of love, the weakness of faith, the desire of communication, all kinds of anxious and lonely or mutual alienation. Each story was not the surface of life experience but the typical grotesque images adhering to the traditional moral but deprived their right to speak. They survive on the margins of the society reflecting their humanity dynamic.Chapter Three is about the grotesque’s psychological features, such as isolation, repression, the religious confusion; let us see a nuanced description. Chapter Four introduced Anderson’s psychological techniques; it covers loose structure, symbolism, autobiographical narration, the grotesque’s monologue and the function of the central figure. Anderson transferred his own desire to portray the characters and furthermore elevated to the literature. If we analyze Anderson’s life experiences, we can understand his works better. Sherwood Anderson’s creative concept has great influence on the latter writers, such as Hemingway and Faulkner. The central functional figure George Willard was surrounded by the grotesque and had very close relationship with them. Through the communication he grew up in physical and mental aspects. Chapter Five analyzed the external social environment, the town people being lost between the machine age and pastoral life and their inner causes. The grotesque formation process is complex. When we had a clear mind of the formation causes, no matter the impact of industrialization or inner longings, people would have a profound thinking about the grotesque’s formation. In conclusion, the industrial revolution brought social prosperity and the barren spirit of the town people. People are desire to love and be loved, but continue to suffer cold treatment. They became the grotesque for spiritual depression and shackles, including enviable career like teacher, doctor, pastor. Through the analysis of the grotesque, we understand that they are all victim of the industrialized society, we knew the phenomenon in the western town was a microcosm of the whole American society and a transitional society. In sympathy and lament, the author showed his expectancy on the grotesque, hoped they undertook their dreams. In modern society, we are facing the critical transitional time in China. People are in the same plight as the grotesque, more stress, huge change, great challenges. They helps people understood Sherwood Anderson and his grotesques from a more sentimentalist perspective. The social environment in China are similar with the literature background, we can get some inspirations from their story. Living in that environment, we need more powerful inner support. We never wander in loneliness and repression, lost in confusion when we got this kind of inner support from the warmth from family, sweet love, the soul communication, the course of self-struggle and strong belief for better life.更多还原