【作者】 李华；

【导师】 任以顺；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 经济法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 医疗活动具有高度的专业性和风险性，它直接关系到患者的生命健康。如果患者遭受医疗损害而得不到应有的赔偿，那么患者的合法权益便无法得到保障；如果医务人员的医疗活动得不到保障，那么医务人员便会在执业活动中采取防御性医疗行为，不利于患者的治疗。从国际经验看，在某些领域推行责任保险，要求相关专业人员投保责任保险，有利于增强专业人员的赔偿能力，保障受害人的合法权益。医疗责任保险就是在这样的背景下产生的。医疗责任保险在西方发达国家起步较早，发展迅速，许多国家都陆续建立了与自己国情相匹配的医疗责任保险制度。而我国尚未形成统一的医疗责任保险制度，并且该保险在实施过程中逐渐暴露出如下问题：一是医方对医疗责任保险需求不足；二是医疗责任保险的相关法律制度不完善；三是自愿投保模式存在弊端；四是《侵权责任法》对该保险产生了一定冲击。这些问题抑制了医疗责任保险的发展，使得我国医疗责任保险陷于发展困境。美、英、日、德等国家医疗责任保险实施比较成功，这些国家开始基本都采用自愿投保的模式，由于该种模式下患者利益可能无法得到实现，常常引起社会的不满。为了解决这一问题，转而采取了强制投保的模式，充分发挥了该制度解决医患纠纷，分散医疗风险的作用。通过对这几个国家医疗责任保险制度的分析，结合我国该保险的实施现状，得出了针对我国该保险制度构建的一些启示：（1）采用强制投保模式的医疗责任保险，避免自愿性投保模式的弊端；（2）扩大保险范围，满足医方需求，从而增加投保主体的数量；（3）合理制定保险费率和赔偿限额，刺激医方的投保积极性，维护医患双方的利益；（4）建立医疗纠纷解决机构专门处理医疗纠纷，保证医疗责任保险的实施。我国医疗责任保险的法律法规缺失，使得医疗责任保险的实施无法可依，导致不同地区推行的医疗责任保险模式存在差异，严重制约了医疗责任保险的发展。为了使医疗责任保险能够在我国得到迅速有序的发展，我国应该吸收发达国家医疗责任保险制度的有益经验，结合我国实际情况，制定相关法律通过法律的方式推行医疗责任保险，在立法中应该明确医疗责任保险的保险范围，投保人和被保险人范围及其权利义务尤其是保险人的抗辩义务；赋予第三人无条件的直接请求权，以维护患者的合法利益；规定保险费率、赔偿限额和索赔方式；建立专门的医疗纠纷处理机构，使医疗责任保险顺利实施。通过立法不仅可以使医疗责任保险的实施有法可依，而且有利于我国统一医疗责任保险制度的建立。更多还原

【Abstract】 The medical activities is high professional and risky, and itsconsequence is directly related to the life and health of patients. If youcan not guarantee that patients receive due compensation, the patients’legitimate interests will can not be guaranteed; If the medical activitiescan not be guaranteed, the medical staff will take defensive medicinebehavior. By carrying out liability insurance, it can help enhance theircompensation capability and guarantee the victims’ legal interests.Medical liability insurance produces in this context.Medical liability insurance in the developed countries was producedearlier. Now they gradually established the insurance system. The effectof medical liability insurance in our country is not satisfactory. Thedefects in the system of medical liability insurance are very protruding.For example, the demand to the medical liability insurance is insufficient,the voluntary insurance model is defective, and the related legal normsare absent and so on. These defects inhibit the development of medicalliability insurance, and it is in the dilemma.The system of medical liability insurance is successful in America, England, Japan and Germany.These countries take the compulsoryinsurance model. We get some inspiration from these countries: firstly,adopt the compulsory insurance mode; secondly, expand the coverage ofinsurance: thirdly, formulate the reasonable insurance rate and the amountof compensation; fourthly establish the organization for resolving themedical dispute.In order to promote the development of medical liability insurance, ourcountry should make special laws. In the law, we should clear theinsurance coverage, the insured and the insured person and their rightsand obligations; give patients an unconditional right of a direct request;regulate premium rates, the limit of compensation and claims and theorganization for resolving the medical dispute.It is beneficial to establishthe unified medical liability insurance system.更多还原