【作者】 覃海英；

【导师】 陈远玲；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 机械工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市的快速发展,对城市道路、公共设施的清扫和保洁任务量越来越大,对市政与环卫作业机械化程度的要求越来越高,因此研究适合我国城市道路的特点,适应现代化环卫发展要求的新型、高效、环保、用于城市清扫的小型垃圾清扫车,对清扫机械的发展具有重要的指导意义和实用价值。本文首先分析了国内外清扫车的发展现状,通过分析对小型垃圾清扫车的技术要求,提出了清扫车行走机构和各工作机构的液压驱动方案,并对不同的设计方案进行了分析。为了保障作业安全,在清扫和转向系统中采用了转向优先分流控制技术；为了保证清扫车对作业工况有较好的适应性,行走系统采用静液压无级变速驱动技术；其次,对垃圾清扫车盘刷和转向装置、垃圾箱及风机装置及行走装置进行参数计算和元件选择,同时对液压系统的功率和热平衡进行计算分析；再次,利用AMESim仿真软件对液压系统进行建模和仿真,通过设置外部负载信号源不同的参数,研究各种不同运行工况下各回路的压力、流量和功率的变化规律。仿真结果表明：①所设计的小型垃圾清扫车液压传动系统是合理的；②在发动机的功率选择方面,企业原来提出用18千瓦的发动机,不能满足在15°坡度的道路进行清扫作业及转场运输,若要拓宽清扫车的使用范围,需要增大发动机功率；最后,通过对小型垃圾清扫车液压传动系统的控制要求的分析,提出基于PLC技术的控制方案,并进行了系统的硬件选择、接口设计和控制程序编制,利用本校实验室的开放式液压PLC控制系统对所编程序进行了程序调试。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the city, the volume of the cleaning tasks of public facilities such as munieipal、roads、squares、residential areas、parks and enterprises is increased, the degree of mechanization of municipal and sanitation operations have become increasingly demanding. It has important theoretical significance and practical value on leaning machinery to research of suitable for the characteristics of the urban road, adapt to the requirements for the development of modern sanitation,the new、efficient、 environmentally-friendly small city garbage sweeper.In this paper, the introduction to the present developing situation of the small urban cleaning garbage at home and abroad is analyzed in firstly; through the analysis of clean vehicle technologies for small garbage, hydraulic drive program on the sweeper running gear and working bodies have been proposed, and different design options were analyzed. In order to protect the safety of operations, the steering priority shunt control technology have been used in cleaning and steering subsystem; and in order to ensure sweeper has better adaptability to working condition, walking system uses hydrostatic stepless speed drive technology, at the same time, the power and heat balance of hydraulic system are calculated and analyzed;secondly, the parameters of broom and steering devices, bins and fan, and walking device are calculated, and component are selected. Again, by using AMESim simulation software, the model and simulation of hydraulic system were established. By setting the different parameter of external load source, the various operating condition, the loop pressure flow and power variation were studied. Simulation results show that:①The design of the hydraulic drive system for small garbage is reasonable;②On the choice of engine power, the companies originally proposed a18kW engine, can not meet the cleaning operation on the road with a slope of15degrees, the engine power needs to be increased to broaden the use of the sweeper; Finally, PLC control schemes have been proposed by the analysis of small garbage sweeper hydraulic drive system control requirements; also, the hardware of the system was selected, the interface was designed and the control procedures were preparated.更多还原