【作者】 金春姬；

【导师】 李东哲；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 日语语言文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在日语和汉语里所使用的前缀《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》都具有否定之意,但其结合形态和意思略有差异。关于否定前缀再近几十年来的研究对语基和结合后的词性还有否定前缀所表示的否定之意分类成几种等很宏观。本论文对日韩否定前缀《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》更加全面的,更加具体的进行了分析,通过对日韩否定前缀的特征的比较,更加明确的说明否定前缀的结构上的特征和日常用语中的特征。在本论文通过明确指出否定前缀的词义功能,同样属于汉字圈的日语和韩语通过比较对照更加了解两国的语言生活。《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》在前缀里属于否定前缀,不能单独使用,必须跟其他词结合才能表示其否定功能。《不许可》,《夫意羲》,《无爱想》,《非金属》,《非行》,《未解决》等与《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》结合而成的单词还有很多。不仅跟《不许可》,《无意羲》,《无爱想》,《非金属》,《非行》,《未解决》一样由《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》+汉字的例子还有《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》+和语的例子。从数量上前者绝对性的多,但后者在日常生活中被使用的频率可以说是更高的。所以说数量多的前者和日常生活中经常使用的后者都是不可缺的一部分。这些是很久以前从中国传到日本和韩国一直到现在仍在使用,这可能是日韩里面能表现这些意思的词不存在而延续到现在。否定前缀跟否定句中句末否定的方式是大不相同的,这些汉字能使用到现在对于其表现应该也很有研究意义。本论文的研究对象是《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》,但是像外来语的《アンチ》,《ノン》是除外的。否定前缀是学习否定的非常重要的一部分。不管是母语还是外语学习者都是通过日常阅读书籍来把握用词习惯,所以为了更好地掌握《不》,《无》,《非》,《未》需要研究明白否定前缀的各个方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi are used in Japanese and Korean languages, showing the meaning of negation. There are some differences can be find in the combinations, meanings, and functions of the4words. The researches about negative prefixes have been last for several decades. The researches have done by now are all from the macroscopic perspectives, such as the summaries of the base or the meanings of words after combine with the negative prefixes or the negative meaning which expressed by the negative prefixes. In this essay, I will do more comprehensive and more concrete analysis on the negative prefixes of Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi, which are used in Japanese and Korean Languages, showing the characteristics of the composition of Japanese and Korean negative prefixes and also in the common expression by comparing the characteristics of these negative prefixes. The target is to build a clear standard for the learner of Japanese and Korean to distinguish these4negative prefixes and to avoid confusion.In this essay, I will make clear of the functions of the negative prefixes, and trying to understand the languages of the two countries by taking contrasts of the negative prefixes which are used by Japan and Korea in the same "Chinese character circle".Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi are all prefixes which express negations. Prefixes are seldom used along to show negation. They are usually ahead of some words to show negations of those words. There are lots of expressions that using Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi in Japanese, for example, Fukyouka (disallowance), muigi (meaningless), muaisou (unenthusiasm), hikinsoku (nonmetal), mikaiketsu (unsolved). The expressions such as Fukyouka (disallowance), muigi (meaningless), muaisou (unenthusiasm), hikinsoku (nonmetal), mikaiketsu (unsolved) are combined Chinese languages Hu, Mu, Hi, Mi with Chinese words. There are also some expressions like fuwatari (dishonour), muaisou (unenthusiasm), miharai (unpaid), which combine Chinese words hu, mu, hi, mi with Japanese languages. The number of the former takes the overwhelming majority, but the latter is using more frequent as common expression than the former. Therefore, both of these kinds of expressions, no matter the former one with a tremendous amount or the latter one be using frequently in daily life, are all absolutely necessary. There is hardly any expression like this in ancient or modern Chinese or Korean languages, which is spread from China in the ancient time.The type of negation with negative prefixes is different from the way that expressing negative meanings by using predicates in the last of sentences. It’s an interesting phenomenon that these Chinese expressions are remained in modern Japanese expression.The research objects of this essay are the negative prefixes in Chinese-type languages above. But, the loanwords such as anchi(anti) or non are excluded. Learning negative prefixes is a foundational and important part of learning negative forms, both Japanese native speaker and Japanese learner are all get used to use expressions that with the negative prefixes by accumulating vocabularies in usual reading. It’s necessary to study clearly of negative prefixes from all aspects, therefore, Japanese learner can truly master words with negative prefixes better.更多还原