从二十世纪美国博物馆教育理念看博物馆教育角色的演变

【作者】 段炼；

【导师】 陈建明；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 考古学与博物馆学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 博物馆是一个基于“物证”的社会教育机构,教育作为博物馆最核心的理念和社会角色,已经成为博物馆的灵魂所在。二十世纪是美国博物馆教育理念与角色形成和演变的重要时期,导致整个博物馆教育角色发生了根本性的发展。将美国博物馆作为研究对象,通过对这段时期的重要教育理念和角色演变过程进行探讨,可以深入了解博物馆的根本性质与定位,对缺失对教育理念和角色研究的中国具有重要的学史价值和借鉴价值。二十世纪初期吉尔曼和达纳的教育理念反映了对博物馆艺术性质和教育性质的争议和探讨,也产生了以波士顿艺术博物馆和纽瓦克艺术博物馆的不同教育实践。二十世纪中期,教育理念从教育是博物馆的重要任务发展到将教育视作博物馆的根本,反映出博物馆教育角色越来越重要,最终“贝尔盟报告”将博物馆作为一个教育机构进行了确定。二十世纪后期,随着多元文化的发展,美国博物馆提出了“卓越”与“公平”的全新教育理念,教育成为公众服务的核心。“卓越与平等”报告促使博物馆教育角色发生质的提升,成为博物馆的核心功能和角色。根据对美国博物馆教育理念和角色的归纳,总结了中国博物馆教育的发展历程,分析了目前的教育现状和不足,并进一步得出对中国博物馆教育的启示。最后附上有关美国史密森博物馆的最新教育案例,以供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Museum is an education institution based on "object evidence". Education is the core idea and key role of museum, which has become the soul of museum. The20th century is the period of shaping and developing the education idea and role of museum, which led the whole education role of museum have a fundamental revolution. This thesis takes American museum as its study object and discusses a few important education ideas and the process of role transiting related to American museum in20th century. It is to understand in depth the fundamental nature and role of museum, which can provide valuable historical experience and reference to China whose study efforts in education idea and role are insufficient.In the early20th century, the education ideas of Gilman and Dana reflected the controversy and disagreement about the nature of museum in art and education. Meanwhile, they led to the different education practices of Museum of Fine arts in Boston and Newark Museum.In the middle of20th century, the education idea changed. Instead of being regarded as one important function for museum, education was viewed as the essence of museum, indicating that the role of education in museum was becoming increasingly important. Eventually,"the Belmont Report" was established museum as an educational institution.In the late20th century, with the development of multiculturalism, American museum put forward new education ideas of "Excellence" and "Equity", making education as the core of public service. Such reports as "Excellence and Equity Report" totally advanced the education role of museum. Since then, education is the core function and key role of museum.Through reviewing the education idea and role of American museum and drawing lessons from them, we can think back to the twists and turns happened throughout the development of museum in China to find out the deficiencies and appropriate solutions and revelation.On the last few pages are listed some latest education cases carried out in Smithsonian Institution, which can act as your reference.更多还原