【作者】 周强；

【导师】 李辉平；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 材料工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,汽车成为人们日常生活中主要的交通工具,人们对汽车舒适性、安全性的要求越来越高。汽车玻璃升降器作为汽车车身附件中利用率较高的部件之一,其操纵的便捷性成为衡量汽车驾乘舒适性的一项重要指标,因此合理设计汽车玻璃升降器具有一定的实际意义。汽车玻璃升降器形式多样,支臂式玻璃升降器因其支撑区域大、运行稳定、易于生产而应用最为广泛。本文以支臂式电动玻璃升降器为研究对象,对升降器各零件的受力、三维造型、关键部件的力学性能等内容进行了研究,并用有限元分析软件对关键部件的受力进行了模拟分析。介绍了支臂式玻璃升降器的一般设计过程、主要参数的确定原则；分析支臂式升降器的运行情况,并在此基础上建立了一般形式支臂式电动玻璃升降器正常工作时的受力模型,分别建立升降器上升和下降过程中运行到中间位置以上、中间位置、中间位置以下时各支点受力的通用数学表达式,得到支点受力与大小臂长度、大臂旋转角度、大小臂扭转角度间的关系式,可作为一般升降器受力计算的参考。设计了升降器相关零部件的测试实验,包括大小臂刚度测试、玻璃胶条与玻璃的摩擦力测试、平衡弹簧工作特性曲线测试、电机性能测试等,主要测试大小臂变形程度与受力的关系、玻璃胶条与玻璃间的摩擦系数、平衡弹簧倔强系数、电机正常工作和堵转时的转矩等,以上实验均为一汽JLV80升降器的设计与受力计算提供了依据。以一汽JLV80车门数模为基础设计升降器,依据主要参数确定的原则确定升降器总体关键尺寸及零部件关键尺寸；结合建立的受力关系式计算升降器正常工作时各支点的受力数值,得出座板销轴和下小臂滚轮处受力最大,为升降器的设计和生产提供依据；利用三维造型软件UG完成升降器的零件造型、装配图、爆炸图。借助于有限元分析软件ANSYS将升降器的几何模型进行合理简化,分析其在电机堵转时的受力情况。经UG装配校核,所设计的升降器内部不产生干涉,升降器与其他车门附件也不发生干涉,设计结果满足几何尺寸要求；利用有限元分析软件ANSYS分析得知,销轴处应力分布较其它区域偏大,应力分布从大到小依次为：上小臂滚轮销轴>大臂滚轮销轴>下小臂滚轮销轴>座板销轴,此模拟结果与建立的受力公式的计算结果基本吻合,证明了一般形式支臂式升降器受力模型的准确性,此模型亦可为其它同类升降器受力分析提供参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recent years, automobiles have become the essential transportation tool in people’s daily life. People pay more and more attention to comfortability and safety of automobiles. Window regulator is one of automobile body accessories with high usage, the convenience of which becomes an important indicator of comfortability of automobile ride. So it has much practical significance to design the window regulator reasonably.There are different kinds of automobile window regulators. Among those, arm-crossed window regulator is most widely used because of its large support area, stability of operation and easy accessibility. This subject took motor-driven arm-crossed window regulator as study object, and studied the force conditions of parts, three-dimensional modeling of parts and the mechanical properties of key parts. The subject also simulated the situation of key parts with finite element analysis software.General structure design process of arm-crossed window regulators and the principles of determining the main structural parameters were introduced. Then the article analysed the operating condition of window regulator, and built the mechanical model of general arm-crossed window regulator on the basis of those. General mathematical expressions of force acting on every fulcrum were gained respectively when the arm-crossed window regulator went to the middle point, below and above the middle point during the rising and falling process. Then the relational expressions which tells people how the force acting on fulcrums are determined by the length of long and short arms, the long arm rotation angle and the twist angle of big and short arms can also be obtained. And it can be used as the stress calculation of general regulators for reference.Measure experiments of relevant window regulator parts were designed, including the stiffness test of long and short arms, the friction test between the sealing tape and glass, the working characteristic curve test of balance spring, and the test of motor performance. Then the relationship between the deformation of arms and pressure, the friction coefficient between the glass rubber and glass, the obstinacy modulus of balance spring, the rated torque and locked torque of motor can be got. The data above were used as the basis of the design and stress calculation of FAW-JLV80.The window regulator was designed upon mathematical model of First Auto Work JLV80door and the key general dimensions of the window regulator and related parts were fixed according to the main parameters determining principles. Calculate the stress acting on every fulcrum with the relationship gained before. And the conclusion is that the bearer plate pin and the down short arm wheel accept the maximum stress, which provides the basis for design and production of regulator. After that, the3-D modeling of regulator parts were finished, as well as the assembly drawing and exploded drawing with the three-dimensional molding software UG.With the finite element analysis software ANSYS, the geometric model of window regulator was simplified,and Then the article analyzed the stress condition of the regulotor during motor stalling.Check the assembly model, and find that there is no clash inside the regulator, as well as with other accessories. So the dimension of regulator meets the requirements. With the finite element analysis software ANSYS, conclusion comes to be that the stress around pins is larger than any other regions, and the order of stress distribution areas is as follow: the pin of up short arm>the pin of long arm>the pin of down short arm>the bearer plate pin. The simulation result is in accordance with the result of formula basically, which proves the accuracy of mechanical model. This model also can be used as the reference of other similar regulators.更多还原