【作者】 宋燕青；

【导师】 李道刚；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 代理制是国际贸易的经营方式之一,在当今市场经济条件下社会分工越来越细化,各种民商事活动越来越依赖代理人来完成。外贸代理制是代理制在外贸领域的具体体现,它是对外贸易中的一项非常实用的法律制度。外贸代理制既具有代理制的-般特点也具有属于自己的特征,而我国的外贸代理制则更具有中国特色。从80年代中期开始我国就把改革和发展外贸代理制作为外贸改革的目标之一。经过了20多年的实践,我国外贸代理制以大陆法系为基础,吸收英美法系合理因素,但又不完全等同于任何一种法系,形成了颇具特色的外贸代理制。我国外贸代理制吸取了两大法系的精华部分,其理论框架涉及直接代理、间接代理、英美法系的隐名代理和未公开本人身份的代理等代理关系并且形成了一系列的外贸代理法律体系。例如《民法通则》《暂行规定》《合同法》《外贸法》中外贸代理制的相关规定。虽然我国外贸代理制获得了一定程度的发展,但是由于起步晚,发展进程缓慢,在理论和实践中都不完善,需要解决的问题还有很多。特别是我国入世后,外贸代理制还未形成一个健全统一的体系,这将会影响我国企业在国际市场上与别国竞争,也会阻碍我国对外贸易的发展。在这种形势下我们还必须在理论和实践中不断完善外贸代理制,使其日益成熟,在对外贸易领域中发挥它的作用。本文主要运用了比较分析和历史研究的方法。首先是对代理制进行了综述,详细阐述了我国的外贸代理制,其中重点回顾了我国外贸代理制的历史沿革,我国外贸代理制的法律依据和法律性质。其次,进一步分析了代理人、本人、第三人三方当事人在外贸代理中的权利义务等法律关系,同时也比较了行纪和外贸代理制之间的关联。再次,本文从理论和实践中对外贸代理制提出了问题,虽然有《民法通则》《合同法》等一系列法律法规调整我国外贸代理制,但是它们之间存在立法不统一分散、相互问冲突的现象。而实践中还存在市场经济环境不完善、因政府政策原因使外贸代理配套措施跟不上、企业在外贸代理中业务操作不规范等现象。这些因素都阻碍了我国外贸代理制的发展。最后,本文提出了完善外贸代理的设想。在立法方面要进一步完善外贸代理制的法律体系,例如重构《民法典》,修订《暂行规定》,修改《合同法》《对外贸易法》相关规定使之统一协调,适时加入《国际货物销售公约》。政府方面应该为外贸代理制的发展提供良好的政策环境,企业方面也要加强业务操作能力和自身管理水平,提高在国际市场上的竞争力。外贸代理制在理论和实践上的完善对促进我国对外贸易的发展有着重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The agency system is one operation mode of foreign trade. Below current market economy conditions, a variety of civil and commercial activities rely heavily on the agents due to the increasing social refinement. International trade agency system, which is one specific embodiment of agency system in the foreign trade area, is very useful law in the field of foreign trade. The foreign trade agency system not only has the general characteristics of agency system, but also has its own characteristics. Yet our foreign trade agency system has greater Chinese characteristics.Since the mid-1980s, we have already brought the reformation and the development of foreign trade agency system into the aims of foreign trade reformation. After20years’ practice, our foreign trade system based on the continental law system, absorbs the reasonable elements of Anglo-American law system, but is not exactly the same with any one of them, thus forms its own distinctive system. Our system which takes the essence of the two law systems, the theoretical framework involving agency relationships, such as direct agency, indirect agency, unnamed agency of Anglo-American law system, undisclosed agency, forms a series of law systems of foreign trade agency, which represent in relative provisions of General Principles of the Civil Law, Provisional Regulations, Contract Law, Foreign Trade Law, and so on. Although our foreign trade agency system has developed to some extent, many problems still remain to be solved. Both the theory and practice are incomplete because of the late start and slow progress. Especially after entering into WTO, foreign trade agency system has not formed a sound and unified system, which will influence our enterprises’competition with other countries in global market and hinder the development of our foreign trade. In this situation, we must improve foreign trade agency system in theory and practice, mature it increasingly and make it play its role in the field of foreign trade.In this paper, the methods of comparative analysis and historical research were employed. First, we review the agency system and elaborate our agency system and put emphasis on historical revolution, legal basis and legal nature of this system. Second, we further analyze the legal rights and obligations among the three parties of the agent, the principal and the third person, and compare the association between broker and foreign trade agency. Third, we pose the problem in theory and practice of foreign trade agency. We have laws, such as General Principles of the Civil Law, Contract Law, to adjust the system, but the laws show no consistency and contradiction sometimes. In practice, there still exist problems. The market economic environment is still not perfect. Supporting measures could not be taken for policy reasons. Some enterprises operate without regulation. All above has hampered the development of our foreign trade agency system. Finally, new ideas were brought forward for perfecting foreign trade agency system. In terms of legislation, legal system of foreign trade agency system should be perfected by reconstructing Civil Code, revising Provisional Regulations, modifying Contract Law, Foreign Trade Law, and joining United Nations Convention on Contracts for the international Sale of Goods at proper time. Our government should provide favorable policy environment for the development of foreign trade agency system. Enterprises should promote their professional operation capacity and management level to enhance competitiveness in the international market. The perfection of foreign trade agency system in theory and practice has great significance in promoting the development of China’s foreign trade.更多还原