【作者】 邵书慧；

【导师】 马敬桂； 陈元芳；

【作者基本信息】 长江大学 ， 农村与区域发展， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球经济危机的深化,我国主要靠出口需求和投资需求拉动的经济发展模式受到了严峻的挑战和制约。因此,党和政府把“全面深化改革、扩大内需、加快转变经济发展方式”作为我们国家今后一段时期经济发展的目标。在这一背景下,研究湖北农村产业结构的调整和升级非常必要和迫切,有着重要的理论和现实意义。论文主要从五个方面对湖北农村产业结构的调整和升级进行了论述。第一、从理论上界定了农村产业结构的内涵,农村产业结构调整的主要内容及其产业结构合理化的判断方法；第二、阐述了湖北农村产业结构的现状及问题分析,主要包括农村“三次产业”之间的结构比例不协调,农村第二产业内部农村工业和城市工业重复,农村工业与农业的关联度低,农村第三产业内部的基础设施及其配套服务不健全等,分析了造成农村产业结构不合理的原因,主要是基础设施薄弱,投入严重不足。第三、探讨了湖北农村产业结构调整面临的困难,主要是农产品供给结构满足不了消费结构变化的需求,农民组织化程度低、土地经营规模小成为农业产业结构调整的固有障碍,农民在农村产业结构调整中始终处于被动地位,政府的政策失灵与寻租,农业科技投入推广应用不适应农村产业结构调整的要求等。第四、回顾了湖北产业结构调整的历程总结了经验教训列举了从中得到的启示。湖北农村产业结构调整的历史时期,大致经历了以下三个阶段：即1949—1978年的缓慢变动时期,1979—2000年的快速变动时期,2000年以来对农村产业结构进行全面调整与升级时期。三个历史时期分别有其各自的经济特点,在第一个时期湖北农村产业结构的基本特点是单一的种植业结构,第二个时期改变了过去“重农轻工”的状况,形成了农、林、牧、副、渔并举,以农村工业为龙头,全面发展农村产业结构的新格局,第三个时期是由于农村产业结构面临“入世和全球经济危机”新挑战而进行的全面调整和升级的时期。湖北历次农村产业结构调整的启示,其一、科技创新是推动农村结构调整与升级的动力源泉,其二、农村产业结构调整要注意发挥本地的比较优势,其三、农村产业结构调整应以市场为导向,其四、转变政府职能,充分发挥政府在农村产业结构调整中的宏观调控作用,其五、多渠道安置农村劳动力就业是调整农村产业结构重要任务。第五、提出了湖北农村产业结构调整与升级的对策。首先,探讨了湖北农村产业结构调整的目标取向,包括近、中、远期规划,区域规划和全球经济危机背景下湖北农村产业结构调整与升级的政策取向；其次,提出了湖北农村产业结构的调整与升级的具体措施,包括1、发挥湖北的资源优势,打造优势产业,2、大力发展食品加工业,促进湖北农村产业结构的升级换代,3、保护生态环境,开发绿色产品,发展绿色产业和观光农业,4、创新农业经营体制,大力发展农业产业化经营,5、以民营机制为主导,创新乡镇企业产权制度和农村经营制度,6、创新农村金融体制、粮食流通体制和农业生产的保护体系与农业保险制度,促进湖北农村产业结构调整与升级。本文采用的研究方法主要有三个方面：一是直接调查法,课题组成员在设计好调查方法的基础上,动用各种资源(同事、同学尤其是所带的研究生和本科生)对湖北农村产业状况进行了直接调查,从中获得第一手研究资料。二是历史分析法,把湖北农村产业结构的变迁放在在特定历史阶段中进行审视,从中探寻农村产业结构发展变化的一般规律。三是系统研究法,即把湖北农村产业结构看作是整个国民经济系统中的有机组成部分,既考察其本身,也考察与其它部门的互动关系。力求使研究成果具有理论创新性、应用性和可操作性更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of the global economic crisis, the economic development model in our country mainly depending on export and investment has been facing serious challenge and restraint. Therefore, the government set the "comprehensively deepen reform, expand the domestic demand, speed up the transformation of the economic development mode" as goals of economic development for our country in a long period. In this context, it’s neccessary to research on the adjustment and upgrading of rural industrial structure in Hubei, which has the important theoretical and practical significance. This paper mainly discusses the adjustment and upgrading of rural industrial structure in Hubei from five aspects.First, this paper theoretically defines the connotation of rural industrial structure, the main content of the adjustment and the effect of industrial structure; Secondly, this paper expounds the present situation of rural industry of hubei province and the existing problems and its reasons, mainly including the in harmonious structure proportions among the rural "three industries", the overlap between the rural and urban industrial of the second industry in rural, the low correlation between the rural industry and agriculture, the unsound infrastructure and its supporting in the rural third industry, etc.This paper analyzed the causes of rural industry structure irrationality, which mainly resulted from the weak infrastructure and seriously insufficient investment.Third, this paper discussed the difficulties for the rural industry structure adjustmen in hubei, mainly lying in that the supply structure of agricultural products can’t meet the changing demand of consumption structure, the organization of farmers is relatively low, the small scale of land management has become the inherent barriers for the agricultural structurial adjustment, farmers are always in a passive position in the process of the rural industrial structure adjustment, the failure and rent-seeking of the government policy, the investment, promotion and application of agricultural science and technology does not adapt to the requirement of rural industrial structure adjustment, etc.Fourth, this paper reviewed the history of the adjustment of industrial structure of hubei province, and sumed up some experience and the enlightenment。 The history of the rural industry structure adjustment in Hubei is the same as the other areas around china, which roughly experiences the following three historical periods:the slow changing period of1949-1978, the rapid changing period of1979-2000, and the comprehensive adjustment and upgrade period since2000. These three historical periods respectively have their economic characteristics. In the first period, the basic characteristics of hubei rural industry structure is the single cropping structure, in the second period, the old "heavy agriculture type workers" situation has changed into the new pattern in which the rural industry structure has been all-around developed integrating the agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery lead by the rural industry. In the third period, due to the new challenge of entrying to the WTO and the global economic crisis ", the comprehensive adjustment and upgrade of rural industry structure has been developed. The enlightenment of all the experience of every rural industrial structure adjustment in Hubei province:1.Science and technology innovation is the power source for promoting the rural structure adjustment and upgrading.2. the attention should be paid to use the local comparative advantage in the process of industrial structure adjustment.3. the Rural industry structure adjustment should be guided by the market.4. shift the government’s functions, and give full play to the government in the macro-control of the rural industrial structure adjustment.5. the important task of adjusting rural industry is to deal with the rural labor employment with Multi-channel.Fifth, puts forward the countermeasures of the rural industry structure adjustment and upgrading in hubei. First of all, this paper discussed the goal and orientation of rural industry structure adjustment in hubei, including the short, medium and long-term planning, the regional planning and policy orientation of rural industry structure adjustment in hubei under the condition of global economic crisis; Secondly, put forward thespecific measures for the adjustment and upgrading of rural industry structure in Hubei, including1. take best use of resources advantage of Hubei and build competitive industry,2. vigorously develop the food processing industry, and promote the hubei rural industry structure upgrading,3. protect the ecological environment, develop the green products, as well as the green industry and tourism agriculture,4. innovate the agricultural management system, vigorously develop the agricultural industrialization,5. lead by the private mechanism, innovate the town enterprise property rights system and the rural management system,6, innovate the rural financial system, the grain circulation system and the protection system of agricultural production and agricultural insurance system to promote the rural industry structure adjustment and upgrading in Hubei.This paper mainly used the following three researching methods:One is the direct investigation, on the basis of the survey methodtask designed by group member, we took the best use of various resources (colleagues, students especially the undergraduate and graduate) to directly investigate the rural industry situation in hubei and obtained the first-hand research materialSecond is the historical analysis, we search for the general rule of change of the development of rural industry structure by examining the industrial structure of Hubei put into the specific historical stage. The third one is the systematic research, that is to reaserch the rural industry in hubei as an organic component of the entire national economy, not only itself will we study, but also the other departments we will examine, striving to make research results have more theoretical innovation, application and operability.更多还原