韩非子德法关系论的实践精神

【作者】 陈实；

【导师】 李建森；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 伦理学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 先秦时期是百家争鸣的思想大碰撞时期,其时涌现出的儒家、道家、法家各学派的学者都有各自的学术理论观点,百家对“礼”、“法”、“道德”的大讨论更是成为先秦诸子思想理论的构建基点,讨论也更为激烈。我国古代以对“礼”的思考与实践作为维护社会秩序、提高道德标准的主要形式,儒家文化正是对“礼”的理论支撑,道家对“道”进行了十分深入的研究和探讨,从而成为中国传统学术史上关于“道德”的最早理论学说之一,而先秦时期的法家则是将“刑名之学”提升到一定的理论高度,并将其与儒家的“礼”和道家的“道”相结合,创建出自己的法治学说。韩非子正是在这样的理论背景下,即在承袭了儒家学说,特别是师承了荀子的很多理论,如荀子“人性论”的一些观点,并融入了对道家“道”的独特见解背景下构建出自己的法治理论即德法相结合的观点。韩非子的法治学说以对“人性”的分析为前提,充分解析了“人性好利”这一观点,认为人做任何事情都是以利益为出发点的,只有利益是最根本的,人性必须通过人情才能显现出来,君主制定法令也要以人的利益和人情为前提,只有这样人才能“趋利避害”。韩非以此为出发点将道德与法律相结合,并将此运用到治国方略中,同时吸收借鉴法家其他代表人物的思想,如商鞅、慎到、申不害、李悝等人的学术观点,制定出符合当时特定历史生态的“法、术、势”结合的政治策略。本文先对道德与法的基本精神做了简单介绍,同时指出韩非对“道、德”的继承和发展,以此为据对韩非子德法精神的契合点有了初步的概念界定；其次,介绍韩非子的“人性好利”学说,通过比较他与荀子“人性论”的异同来阐释“人性好利”的具体内容；再次,充分解析了韩非子对先秦法家思想观点的承袭,将其融入到自己的法治学说中,构建出了韩非自成一家的法治理论学说；再其次,通过介绍韩非子法治思想中道德与法的关系,展现其“德法相结合”的治国方略；最后,从分析儒家道义绝对主义与法家功利主义的利弊来呈现韩非子德法相结合的实践精神对我们的思想启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The pre-qin period is schools of thought contend thought big collision period, emerge of Confucianism, Taoism, legalism every school scholars all have their own academic theory viewpoint, including "the ritual","method","moral" big discussion it is to become the pre-qin period all the construction of the ideological theory base, discussion and more j fierce. In ancient China to "the ritual" the thinking and practice as maintaining social order and improve the main form of moral standards, the Confucian culture is of "the ritual" the theoretical support, the Taoist is to "tao" a very thorough research and discussion, thus become China’s "moral" of the earliest theory, and during the pre-qin legalists of is will "study of forms" ascending to a theoretical height, and with the Confucian "the ritual" and the idea of "tao", and the combination of legalism created in the rule of law theory. Han fei zi it is in this theory background, in carries on the Confucianism, especially inherits many of xunzi theories, such as xun zi "human nature" some points of view, with the Taoist "tao" under the unique opinion construct han fei zi are a theory of rule by law:the combination of German view. Han fei zi of rule of law theory to the analysis of the "human nature" as the premise, and fully analyze "human nature good profit" this view, think people do anything with interest, only benefit the ultimate, the law will make to the benefit of human as the premise, only has this talent will "advantages". Han fei from that starting point will be combined with morality and law, and it is applied to the ruling strategy, and other comprehensive inherited legalists represents the character’s ideas, such as the monarchy, ShenDao, ShenBuHai LiKui, the academic point of view, make for the specified period of time at that time "method, art, potential" combined with political strategy.This paper first through the introduction of the basic spirit of morality and law also reviewed, and the prospective of spirit of han fei zi German have preliminary concepts; The second chapter with a chapter to introduce han fei zi "human nature good profit" theory, through the comparison he and xun zi "humanity to interpret the similarities and differences between the" human nature good benefit "of concrete content, but also points out that han fei for Taoist" way, Germany "of inheritance and development; The third chapter of the han fei zi fully analytic qin legalist school of thought views by, it will be integrated into my of rule of law theory, construct the theory of rule by law of han fei a theory; The fourth chapter of legal thought through the introduction of the han fei zi the relationship between morality and law, show the "German combination to rule the state; The last chapter from the analysis of the Confucianism and legalism absolute socialist utilitarianism, presented the advantages and disadvantages of the combination of German han fei zi practice spirit to our thoughts enlightenment, up to the role of non-alcoholic drinks.更多还原