【作者】 王辉；

【导师】 邵毅敏； 黄兴刚；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 机械工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 轴承是机械系统中应用最为广泛的一种通用零部件，其运行状态好坏将直接影响系统的安全性和可靠性。对轴承运行状态进行实时监测，可避免因轴承突然失效造成的灾难性事故。智能轴承技术是最近发展起来的新技术与新方法，通过多传感器与轴承的融合，使轴承了具备运行状态监测能力。智能轴承是在传统轴承的基础上集成传感器，形成智能轴承结构。目前国内外的研究主要集中在轴承内集成压电式加速度传感器，获取振动信号。但是，基于压电式加速度传感器的智能轴承状态监测与故障诊断存在高频噪声干扰，处理效率低，监测参量单一，以及破坏轴承结构等缺点和问题。针对目前研究存在的问题，本文以双列圆柱滚子轴承为研究对象，阐述了其故障信号特征。设计了应用于滚动轴承运行状态监测与故障诊断的新型应变式三轴加速度传感器，并将其与转速传感器及温度传感器集成，形成多参量传感器与轴承结合的智能轴承结构。经台架试验验证，有效的实现了轴承低频加速度信息及实时转速信息和温度信息的提取。主要开展了如下工作：①提出和设计了新型应变式三轴加速度传感器结构，建立新型三轴应变式传感器的动力学模型，运用正交实验法，优选了参数选择方案，分析了结构参数对传感器固有频率和灵敏度及其综合性能指标的影响；②通过建立应变式三轴加速度传感器的有限元模型，对传感器动态性能进行仿真分析，验证了三轴应变式加速度传感器动力学模型的正确性；③完成了新型应变式三轴加速度传感器的实体加工，通过传感器标定实验，确定了应变式三轴加速度传感器的灵敏度；④设计了一种集成三轴应变式加速度传感器、转速传感器以及温度传感器的多参量传感器结构，完成了智能轴承样机的试制，没有破坏轴承的完整性，确保了轴承的使用性能；⑤设计并搭建智能轴承故障模拟试验台，完成了台架故障模拟试验，验证了基于应变式三轴加速度传感器的智能轴承内圈故障诊断的有效性。智能轴承技术今后的发展方向是将其扩展到其它各种类型的轴承运行状态的监测与故障诊断领域，具有广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bearing is one of the generic components which is most widely used inmechanical system and its running state will directly influence the safety andreliability of the system. On-line monitoring its running state is an effective method toavoid sudden invalidation which caused by bearing fault.Smart bearing technology is a new technology and new methods has beenproposed and developed in recent years. Smart bearing has the capacity of on-linemonitoring by integrating multi-parameter sensor. These smart bearings areconstructed by integrating sensors with traditional bearings. Piezoelectric accelerationsensor is usually employed as one component of the smart bearing at present in theworld due to its high frequency characteristics. However, condition monitoring andfault diagnosis with smart bearing based on piezoelectric acceleration sensor havesome problems, such as high-frequency noise interference, low treatment efficiency,inadequate monitoring parameters and bearing structure damage.In this paper, fault mechanism for the double row cylindrical roller bearing isexplored and analyzed, and the characteristics of the fault signal are discussed. A newstrain three-axis accelerometer is designed for condition monitoring and faultdiagnosis of bearings. A new Structure of smart bearing proposed in this study isdeveloped by integrating this new accelerometer with speed and temperature sensorsThe experiment proved the Smart bearing can acquire the signals with low frequencyfault information, on-line speed information and temperature informationsimultaneously. The detailed contents and innovative work are summarized asfollows:①The new structure of strain3-axis acceleration sensor is proposed which iscomposed by mass and elastic components in a series-parallel connection. Throughthe establishment of the sensor dynamics model, the optimum parameters is selectedby orthogonal experiment method. The influence of structural parameters on thesensitivity and natural frequency and the3-axis dynamic response of the sensor isanalyzed based on the dynamics equation;②The3-axis dynamic response of the sensor is analyzed by finite elementmethod (FEM). Verified the validity of the dynamic model by comparing with thesimulation results;③Completed the new strain3-axis acceleration sensor entity processing, determined the strain three-axis acceleration sensor sensitivity by the sensorcalibration experiment;④The multi-parameter sensor is developed by integrating this new strain3-axisaccelerometer with speed and temperature sensors. Based on which, the new structureof smart bearing is manufactured, which does not damage the integrity and ensure theservice performance of the bearing;③To test the performance of the new smart bearing, a principle prototype isdesigned and manufactured. The expriments with bearing fault simulation proved theeffectiveness for fault diagnosis on inner ring is validated based on the new strain3-axis accelerometer.The extension of the smart bearing application to other various types of thebearing for on-line state monitoring and fault diagnosis is the developing trend in thefuture, which makes it have a broad scope of application.更多还原