地方高校大学生职业兴趣、社会支持与应对方式的相关研究

【作者】 刁艳红；

【导师】 李东斌；

【作者基本信息】 赣南师范学院 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 从心理学角度来定义，兴趣是人对事物的一种认识倾向，是价值观的初级形式，伴随着积极的情绪体验。兴趣能逐渐发展成为个体活动的内在动机，对个体活动，特别是对个体的认知活动有巨大的推动力。职业兴趣是人们对职业及与职业有关的活动的积极情绪反应和选择性态度。对于个人而言，职业兴趣事关其对所从事职业的满意度、所从事职业的就职效益和职业的相关成就。由此可见，职业兴趣可以影响人的职业定向与职业选择、激发人的探索与创造、增强人的职业适应性与稳定性。研究大学生的职业兴趣，是贯穿大学生生涯规划的关键内容，也是构建和谐社会和时代发展的现实需要。本研究期望能帮助大学生更好的明确职业兴趣，更好地做出职业生涯规划，也为更有针对性地开展适合地方高校的校本化的大学生职业生涯规划课程建设和心理健康辅导工作提供参考和理论支持。本次研究采取整群随机抽取江西省两所一般本科院校800名在校大学生使用白利刚、凌文栓、方俐洛编制的霍氏中国职业兴趣量表、我国学者肖水源编制的社会支持评定量表、解亚宁编制的“简易应对方式问卷”等量表进行调查，发放问卷800份，回收问卷738份，回收率为92.3%，经过筛选保留有效问卷635份，有效率为86.1%，其中男生136人、女生499人，文科生329人、理科生129人、艺术类118人、体育类59人，来自城镇229人、乡村406人，大一172人、大二118人、大三231人，大四114人。研究结果显示：（1）地方高校大学生的职业兴趣类型分布不均衡，在社会型职业兴趣得分最高，而在现实型职业兴趣得分最低，各种类型的平均值为：社会型＞常规型＞企业型＞艺术型＞调研型＞现实型。（2）地方高校大学生的职业兴趣在性别、生源地、年级、科类特点上的差异随着类型不同而不同，没有普遍的一致性。具体如下：①现实型职业兴趣在性别、生源地、年级、科类上都存在显著差异。男生比女生对现实型职业的兴趣更强烈；来自乡村的大学生在现实型职业兴趣比来自城镇的大学生更强烈；与其他年级相比，大二学生在现实型职业兴趣上表现最强烈。理科大学生对现实型职业的兴趣比文科大学生更强烈；体育类大学生对现实型职业的兴趣比文科大学生更强烈；理科大学生对现实型职业的兴趣比艺术大学生更强烈；体育大学生对现实型职业的兴趣比艺术大学生更强烈。②调研型职业兴趣在性别、生源地、科类特点这三个维度上的差异都是显著的。男生比女生对调研型职业的兴趣更强烈，来自乡村的学生比来自城镇的学生对调研型职业的兴趣更强烈，理科大学生对调研型职业的兴趣最强烈。③艺术型职业兴趣科类这个维度上的差异是显著的，艺术类大学生对艺术型职业的兴趣比文科、理科、体育大学生更强烈，文科科大学生对艺术型职业的兴趣比体育类大学生更强烈；其他学科间差异不显著。④城镇学生和乡村学生对社会型职业的兴趣有显著的差异，城镇大学生比乡村大学生对社会型职业的兴趣更强烈。⑤企业型职业兴趣在性别这个维度上的差异是显著的，男学生比女生对企业型职业的兴趣更强烈。⑥常规型职业兴趣在性别、生源地、年级、科类这四个维度上的差异都是不显著的。（3）社会支持总分对除现实型外的五种职业兴趣类型有预测作用，主观支持对除现实型之外的五种职业类型均显著相关，客观支持对六种职业兴趣类型均显著相关，对支持的利用度与艺术型、社会型、企业型显著相关，积极应对对对六种职业兴趣类型均显著相关，而消极应对仅对现实型、调研型职业兴趣显著相关。（4）六种职业兴趣类型，积极应对均有很强的预测作用，社会支持总分对现实型以外五种职业兴趣类型均有较强的预测作用。客观支持对现实型职业兴趣有较强预测作用，主观支持对常规型职业兴趣有预测作用，这说明应对方式是影响职业兴趣得分的一个重要因素，积极应对方式得分影响各类职业兴趣得分；而消极应对对现实型和调研型职业兴趣有较强的预测作用，消极应对对现实型和调研型职业兴趣有预测作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 From psychological point of view, interest refers to our cognitive tendency towards things and is aprimary format of values, accompanied by positive emotional experience. It can gradually develop intointrinsic motivation of individual activities and has a gigantic impetus for individual activities, especiallyindividual cognitive activities. Vocational interest means people’s positive emotional response and selectiveattitudes towards their vocations and related activities. In terms of individuals, vocational interest refers todegree of satisfaction, benefits and achievements with their vocations. Thus it can be seen that vocationalinterest has a great influence on people’s vocational orientation and choice, spirit of exploration andcreativity, and enhancement of adaptability and stability. The research of college students’ vocationalinterest turns out to be a rather important issue throughout their university life, meanwhile is a real need forthe development of a harmonious society. The present study aims to help those students to have a betterunderstanding of vocational interest and lay a solid foundation for their career planning. It also hopes toprovide local universities with pertinent localized courses for career planning and references as well astheoretical support for mental healthy guidance.In the study, Chinese Vocational Interest Inventory of Holland Type, Social Support Rating Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and some other kinds of scales were used to do the research on800college students from two universities of Jiangxi province by random sampling. Altogether800questionnaires were sent out and738answers were retrieved with the response rate of92.3%. Afterscreening,635valid ones were kept with the effective rate of86.1%. Among them, there were136malestudents,499females,329arts students,129science students,118art students, and59PE students. Besides,229students came from urban areas,406students from rural regions and172of them were freshmen,118were sophomores,231were juniors and114were seniors.The findings of the research are as follows:1. The distribution of local college students’ vocational interest types differs from person to person.The social type scores the highest and the realistic type scores the lowest. Here is the ranking of averagevalues of different types: social type＞normal type＞enterprise type＞artistic type＞research type＞realistictype.2. Local university students’ vocational interest differs from type to type in gender, source place ofstudents, grades and subjects and has no universality. They are as follows:a. As for the realistic type, significant differences lie in gender, source place of students, grades andsubjects. It shows male students tend to have stronger interest than females, students from rural areas seemto have stronger interest than urban students, and sophomores turn out to have the strongest interest amongall grades. It also tells science students have stronger interest than arts students, PE students have stronger interest than arts students, science students have stronger interest than art students, and PE students havestronger interest than art students.b. When it comes to the research type, significant differences lie in gender, source place of studentsand subjects. It indicates male students tend to have stronger interest than females, students from rural areasseem to have stronger interest than urban students, and science students turn out to have the strongestinterest.c. As far as the artistic type is mentioned, the significant difference only lies in subjects. It concludesart students have stronger interest than arts students, science students and PE students in artistic jobs, artsstudents have stronger interest than PE students concerning artistic jobs and other differences amongsubjects are not significant.d. There is a significant difference between students of urban and rural areas regarding social typevocations. It shows students from urban areas seem to have stronger interest than rural students in social typevocations.f. In terms of the enterprise type, gender turns out to have significant difference. It tells male studentstend to have stronger interest than females students.g. As for the normal type, no significant difference could be seen in gender, source place of students,grades and subjects.3. The findings show that the total marks of social support can be used for the indication of the otherfive vocational interest types except realistic type, subjective support was significantly correlated with theother five vocational interest types except realistic type, objective support was significantly correlated withall the six vocational interest types, utilization degree of support was significantly correlated with artistictype, social type and enterprise type, positive responses were significantly correlated with them all, andnegative responses were significantly correlated with realistic type and research type.4. All the six vocational interest types, together with positive responses have the function of strongindications. The total marks of social support can be used for the strong indications of the other fivevocational interest types except realistic type. Objective support has a strong indication for the realistic typeand subjective support has a strong indication for the normal type. It explains that coping style is one of themost important factors that affect the total marks and total marks of positive responses influence the marksof all other vocational interest types. It also shows that negative responses have strong indications of realistictype and research type, besides they have good indications of realistic type and research type.更多还原