【作者】 王卫民；

【导师】 尹清强； 李绍钰；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 养殖类， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 蛋白质饲料资源的不足已成为世界性问题,在我国尤其严重。随着畜牧业的高速发展及人们生活水平的不断提高,饲料蛋白已经远远不能满足饲养业发展的需要,开发新的非常规饲料蛋白资源成为我国饲料业的重要课题。采用微生物固态发酵非常规蛋白饲料生产优质蛋白饲料是国内外研究的主要方向。本研究主要采用米曲霉固态发酵非常规蛋白(棉粕、血粉、羽毛粉),并进行动物饲喂实验。本研究主要包括如下三部分内容：试验一,米曲霉固体发酵工艺的优化：采用米曲霉作为发酵菌株,以可溶性蛋白含量作为优化指标,采用单因素试验方差分析的方法,优化发酵工艺参数,并检测常规营养指标的含量。结果表明,最佳发酵条件为：初始pH为6,含水率40%,接种量为4%,250 mL的三角瓶装量为15g固体,发酵时间为48 h。在最佳发酵工艺的条件下,发酵产品中的可溶性蛋白的含量达到了133.72 mg/g,比未发酵产品提高了109.69%；蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶的活力分别为1821.27U/g、2778.35U/g、5562.43 U/g；游离氨基酸总量提高了211%,氨基酸的总量提高了2.11%,各种必需氨基酸含量均有不同程度的提高。试验二,发酵产品对猪生产性能的影响：饲养试验选用健康、体重相近的三元杂交(杜×长×大)生长猪70头,随机分成7个组,分别为对照组(豆粕在全价料中的含量为26%)、发酵杂蛋白组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的发酵杂蛋白在全价料中的含量分别为7%、14%、21%)、未发酵杂蛋白组(试验Ⅳ组的没发酵杂蛋白在全价料中的含量为14%)、能量平衡后的发酵杂蛋白组(试验Ⅴ组的消化能与对照组平衡,发酵杂蛋白在全价料中的含量为14%)、发酵豆粕组(试验Ⅵ组的发酵豆粕在全价料中的含量为14%)。结果表明：试验Ⅰ组(发酵杂蛋白)的日增重和日采食量分别比对照组提高了8.35%(P<0.05)和7.83%,料肉比差异不显著(P>0.05)。发酵杂蛋白组(试验Ⅱ组)的日增重显著高于未发酵杂蛋白组(试验Ⅳ组)(P<0.05)、与能量平衡(试验Ⅴ组)组差异不显著(P>0.05),料肉比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。发酵豆粕组(试验Ⅵ组)的日增重与对照组相比提高了4.02%,但日采食量却下降了3.61%,料肉比与对照组相比降低了7.36%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。经济效益分析表明,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅵ组每头猪所获得的利润,分别比对照组提高了19.52%和38.19%。试验三,发酵产品对猪日粮中营养物质表观消化率和粪便微生物菌群的影响：研究结果表明,与对照组相比试验Ⅰ组(发酵杂蛋白组)的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷的消化率的差异均不显著(P>0.05)；发酵杂蛋白组(试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ组)的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷的消化率均显著高于未发酵杂蛋白组(试验Ⅳ组)(P<0.05)；试验Ⅱ组(发酵杂蛋白组)与试验Ⅴ组(发酵杂蛋白能量平衡组)相比,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷的消化率的差异均不显著(P>0.05)；发酵豆粕组(试验Ⅵ组)的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷的消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),分别提高了3.32%、4.72%、7.91%、9.36%。粪便中微生物的研究表明：试验Ⅰ组(发酵杂蛋白组)粪便中大肠杆菌的数量与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),乳酸菌的数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；试验Ⅱ组(发酵杂蛋白)大肠杆菌的数量显著低于试验Ⅳ组(未发酵杂蛋白组),乳酸菌的数量显著高于试验Ⅳ组(未发酵杂蛋白组)(P<0.05)；试验Ⅱ组(发酵杂蛋白)大肠杆菌的数量显著低于试验Ⅴ组(能量平衡组,P<0.05),而乳酸菌的数量差异不显著(P>0.05)；试验Ⅵ组(发酵豆粕组)大肠杆菌的数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)),乳酸菌的数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Now there is severely short of protein resources in the world, especially in China.With the development of animal husbandry and improvement of living standard, the resources of protein feedstuffs are far beyond the requirement of feed industry. The discovery of new unconventional protein feed resources has become an important subject in our country. The production of high- quality protein stuffs from the low-quality unconventional protein resources by microorganism fermentation is the main research direction all over the world. In this study, the low-quality protein stuffs such as cottonseed meal, blood meal and feather meal were fenmented by Aspergillus oryzae so as to relace soybean meal for pig production. The main contents are as follows:Experiment 1, study on the optimum solid-state fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae:The results showed that the best fermentation conditions were:initial pH 6, moisture 40%, 4% fungal incubation,15g/250ml volume, and 60 h fermentation. Under the best conditions of fermentation, the soluble protein content in the fermentation products was 133.72 mg/g and increased by 109.69%; the activities of protease, amylase, and cellulase were 1821.27,2778.35 and 5562.43 U/g; and FAA and AA of the fermented product were increased by 211% and 2.11% respectively, compared with the unfermented product (P<0.05).Experiment 2, effect of fermentation product in diet on growing pig performance. Seventy growing pigs were divided randomly into 7 groups according to their healthy and weight, including the unfermented protein group (control group), fermented cottonseed meal-blood meal-feather meal groups (TreatmentⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲcontaining 7%, 14%,21% fermented protein stuffs, respectively), unfermented cottonseed meal-blood meal-feather meal group (TreatmentⅣcontaining 14% unfermented protein stuffs), fermented cottonseed meal-blood meal-feather meal group added with soybean oil to keep the same digestible enegy with the control group (TreatmentⅣcontaining 14% fermented protein stuffs), and fermented soybean meal group (TreatmentⅥcontaining 14% fermented soybean meal). The result showed that ADG and ADFI in treatmentⅠwas incerased by 8.35%(P<0.05) and 7.83%, compared with the control group. ADG in treatmentⅡwas significantly higher than that in treatmentⅣ(P<0.05), and F/G was not significant (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, ADG in treatmentⅥwas incerased by 4.02%, while ADFI and F/G were reduced by 3.61% and 7.36%(P>0.05). Analysis of economic benefits indicated that the net income in treatmentⅠandⅥwas incerased by 19.52% and 38.19%, compared with the control.Experiment 3, effect of fermentation product on apparent digestibility of nutrients and gut microflora of pigs. Apparent digestibilities of nutrients (CP, EE, Ca, P) in treatmentⅠwere not significant different with that in the control (P>0.05). Apparent digestibilities of nutrients in treatmentⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴwere significantly higher than that in treatment IV (P<0.05). Apparent digestibilities of nutrients in treatmentⅥwere significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and incerased by 3.32%,4.72%,7.91%,9.36% for CP, EE, Ca and P, respectively. Gut microflora analyses indicated that the number of E.coli in pig faeces were not significant (P>0.05), while the number of lactic acid bacteria in pig faeces were increased (P<0.05) in treatment I, compared with the control group. Compared with treatment V, the number of E.coli in pig faeces were reduced (P<0.05), and the number of lactic acid bacteria in pig faeecs were increased (P<0.05) in treatmentⅡ. Compared with the control group, the number of E.coli in pig faeces were reduced (P<0.05), and the number of lactic acid bacteria in pig faeces were increased in treatmentⅥ(P<0.05).更多还原