【作者】 宋艳；

【导师】 艾孙麟；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 保险学， 2010， 硕士

【副题名】基于农业产业化的视角

【摘要】 农业是国民经济的基础性产业,山东作为农业大省,农业的发展关系到山东改革和发展的全局,具有重要的战略地位。山东自然灾害种类多、分布广、造成的损失大,亟需要建立一套有效的防灾防损的保障机制,农业保险就是规避损失、减少风险的最主要的方法之一,然而山东农业保险的发展却不尽人意：农险自1982年人保恢复试办之后的十年,其发展遇到了严重的困难,保险公司纷纷退出保险市场,农险业务持续萎缩,对农业的保障功能微乎其微。随着国家对“三农”问题的重视,农业保险从2005年开始又进入了新一轮的试点阶段。国内的许多地区因地制宜,分别采取了不同的农险经营模式：“政府财政补贴推动+商业化运作”的上海模式；“政府推动+共保经营的浙江模式；黑龙江的农业保险互助模式等。其中许多试点取得了一定的成功,然而在成功的背后我们可以发现,试点的成功与当地的市场经济和农业产业化的发展,农业产业化组织对农险的需求增加是分不开的。作为全国最早开办农业产业化的地区,山东农业产业化迈入了纵深发展的步伐,经营方式向“规模化”、“集群化”方向发展,现代农业的发展迅速。农业产业化的组织规模扩大,带动农民增收的效力增强。农业产业化的发展为农业保险的发展提供了良好的组织和经济基础。面对日益恶化的自然环境和激烈的经济竞争形势,农业产业化的自然风险、市场风险、技术风险等不断加剧。国外政府为保障农业的发展,不断加大力度促进农业保险的发展,面对国内外农业保险发展的新形势,作为农业大省的山东如何在借鉴国内外农业保险的发展经验的基础上,依据自身农业发展特点和优势,加快农业保险的试点,推动山东农业保险的发展,是一项重要任务。在这种情况下,本文从农业产业化的视角探讨了进一步推动山东农业保险发展的对策和建议。全文共五部分：第一部分,前言。阐述本文的研究目的和意义、国内外研究现状、研究方法、基本思路和逻辑框架等。第二部分,山东农业保险发展的概况及问题分析。首先阐述了农业风险和农业保险的内涵和特征。通过对农业保险概念的介绍,联系我国实际,把狭义的农业保险即种养两业保险作为本文的研究对象；在前人研究的基础上,总结了农业保险的高损失、高赔付、政策性和非盈利性等特点,指出农业保险属于政策性保险,是国家支持农业发展的一种经济手段；随后介绍了山东农业保险的发展过程,及在发展过程中所遇到的农民风险意识淡薄,农业保险有效需求不足；农业保险经营成本高,保险公司亏损严重,农业保险供给不足等问题。在此基础上本文指出农业保险的发展除受农户的风险意识,农业保险高损失、高赔付,经营成本,政府的支持力度等的影响外,农业保险的发展和农业产业化的发展水平及农业保险与农业产业化的有机结合程度有关。第三部分,农业保险与农业产业化的互动机制分析。该部分在第二部分的基础上,深刻分析农业保险和农业产业化的关系。首先,在农业产业化激发和强化农业生产者的保险意识；培育和增强农业生产者的投保能力；促进和增加农业保险的有效供给；为农业保险提供了重要的组织基础四方面阐述了农业产业化推动农业保险的机理。其次,农业保险促进农业产业化的机理主要表现在：农业保险为农业产业化组织编织了一张“安全网”。农业保险促进产业化组织内部利益联结机制的形成和完善。农业保险为提高农业产业化水平找到了新的实现手段。接着对山东农业产业化发展的现状进行分析：产业化组织组织迅猛发展,各地依据资源禀赋发展特色产业,龙头企业的带动效果明显,农业产业化的发展增加了农民收入,增强了农户的风险意识,农户和农业产业化组织之间结成了更深一步的利益联结共同体,产业化的发展为山东农业保险的发展提供了良好的条件。另外农业产业化风险加大了其对农业保险的需求,为农业保险的发展提供了动力。第四部分,对结合农业产业化发展农业保险的案例进行介绍,在此基础上总结经验,为山东农业保险的发展提供借鉴。首先,对国外包括日本发达的农业保险进行了分析；其次,分析了国内部分地区依托农业产业化组织发展农业保险成功案例。在此基础上看到,农业保险的发展离不开政府的支持,农业产业化的水平也是农业保险发展的关键因素之一,农业产业化为农业保险的发展提供环境基础。农业保险与农业产业化的有机结合,促进了农业保险的发展。通过对山东农业产业化的现状分析,指出山东农业产业在组织上、提高农民收入等方面为农业保险的发展提供了有利条件。第五部分,推动山东农业保险发展的建议。首先,在政府主导下的商业保险公司经营的农业保险现行试点模式下,构建保险公司与农业产业化组织的合作的农业保险经营体系。加强保险公司与农业产业化组织之间的合作,根据产业化组织的需要开发相关的农业保险产品。不同的农户,不同的农业产业化组织,其面临的风险不尽相同,对农业保险的需求也一样。农险经营部门与产业化组织合作,有利于解决农业保险险种单一,无法满足农户和农业产业化需求的矛盾。并通过农业产业化组织创新保费分担方式：按照谁受益、谁付费的原则,农户、产业化组织、消费者按一定的比例承担保费。在营销方面依托农业产业化组织做好农险的宣传、展业、理赔、防灾防损等工作,节约保险公司的经营成本,提高经营效率。另外,结合山东农业发展的现状的条件,提出在有条件的地区率先发展农业互助保险,为现阶段政策性农业保险提供补充。烟台、青岛等地经济发达,农业产业化组织规范,加之政府财政的支持,农业互助保险在山东经济发达的地区具有实施的可行性,为更进一步发展山东农业保险提供了道路。最后,完善巨灾风险机制。通过政府、农业保险经营单位提取巨灾基金,并探索建立再保险体系的方式分散农业巨灾风险。我认为本文的创新之处在于：在参阅国内外农业保险的相关文献的基础上,结合相关案例,从农业产业化的角度对农业保险进行了分析。并在对山东农业保险发展的现状和问题,山东农业的经营方式、山东农业产业化发展的现状分析的基础上,提出了以农业产业化组织为依托,创新山东农业保险经营体系。另外,在对烟台栖霞市和青岛市进行实际调研的基础上,提出加快山东农业互助保险的发展,为当前政策性农业保险的发展提供补充。本文的不足之处是,本文只是在理论方面进行了较为细致的分析,用到的许多政策实施资料数据或实证研究数据都是在前人的研究结果中引用的,因此本文在实证方面论证不足。并且在山东农业互助保险和农业再保险体系的构建,只是本人在借鉴国内外农业发展经验,从山东农业经济和农业保险发展现状和问题基础上的一种理论探索,其实践意义有待于进一步考证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture is the basic industry of the national economy, which development has an important strategic position. Shandong as a natural disaster-prone province, urgently need to establish a mechanism for agricultural insurance.However the development of Shandong’s agricultural insurance is unsatisfactory. As the countries of the "three rural" issue attention, agricultural insurance entered a new round of pilot phase in 2005. According to local conditions, many parts of China were taken to a different mode of operation of agricultural insurance. Many of the pilots have achieved some success and the reasons for them are the local market economy and the development of agricultural industrialization. As the country’s earliest start-up the industrialization of agriculture areas, Shandong Agricultural industrialization entered a jump the pace of development. The organization of agricultural industrialization scale to drive the farmers to enhance the effectiveness of income. The development of agricultural industrialization development of agricultural insurance provides a good organizational and economic base. The face of the deteriorating natural environment, intense economic competition in the domestic and foreign agricultural insurance, with the new situation, Shandong should draw.on the basis of experience to promote the development of Agricultural Insurance.In this case, this article from the perspective of the industrialization of agriculture discussed the further development of the Shandong Agricultural Insurance countermeasures and suggestions. Full-text consists of five parts.The first part is the Foreword which describes the purpose and significance of this research, domestic and international research status, research methods, basic ideas and logical frameworks.The second part gives an overview of the development of agricultural insurance in Shandong and analyses problems. The angle of this research is to narrow agricultural insurance. And pointed out that a policy of insurance, agricultural insurance. Then this paper introduced Shandong agricultural insurance development process and the development of a problem. On this basis, this paper pointed out that the development of agricultural insurance, risk awareness among affected farmers, agricultural insurance, high losses, high paid, operating costs, the Government’s support to such effects, and agricultural industrialization is also related to the level of development.The third part is on agricultural insurance and agricultural industrialization interactive mechanisms. This part profoundly analysis agricultural insurance and agricultural industrialization relationship. First of all, the industrialization of agriculture to stimulate and strengthen the agricultural producers of insurance awareness; training and enhancement of agricultural producers of the insurance capacity; to promote and increase the effective supply of agricultural insurance; for agricultural insurance, the organization provides an important basis for the industrialization of agriculture in four areas described Promoting the agricultural insurance mechanism. Second, the agricultural insurance promotes the development of agricultural industrialization. This paper pointed out that the industrialization of the development of Shandong’s development of agricultural insurance provides a good condition by the status quo analysis of Shandong’s Agricultural Industrialization.The fourth part introduced the cases right combination of development of agricultural industrialization and agricultural insurance and sum up the experience to guide the development of agricultural insurance in Shandong. Of agricultural insurance can not develop without government support, the level of industrialization of agriculture is also a key factor in the development of agricultural insurance, one of the industrialization of agriculture into the development of agricultural insurance, provision of environmental infrastructure. Through the analysis of the industrialization of agriculture in Shandong, pointing out that Shandong Agricultural industry organization, improve the income of the farmers in such areas as insurance for agricultural development has provided favorable conditions.Part V is the proposal of promoting the development of Shandong Agricultural Insurance. First, build organizations, insurance companies and the cooperation of agricultural industrialization management system of agricultural insurance. Second, developed the agricultural mutual insurance in regions where conditions permit the lead in agricultural insurance for the current policy to provide supplementary. Improve the mechanism to spread catastrophic risk catastrophic risk in agriculture.I think the innovation of this article is:conducted an analysis of agricultural insurance from the perspective of the industrialization of agriculture, proposed to rely on the organization of agricultural industrialization, innovation and management system of agricultural insurance in Shandong and speed up the development of Shandong Agricultural Mutual Insurance.Inadequacy of this paper is the lack of empirical demonstration area and the system construction about Shandong Agricultural Mutual Insurance and reinsurance in agriculture is only a theoretical exploration whose practical significance of the need to be further verified.更多还原