【作者】 魏巍；

【导师】 兰虹；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 保险学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个农业大国,农业和农村经济的发展和稳定,对整个国民经济的协调健康发展至关重要。我国农业面临着各种严峻的经营风险,尤其是自然灾害的频繁发生,严重威胁农业的可持续发展。近10年来,自然灾害每年给我国造成的经济损失都在1000亿元以上,常年受灾人口达2亿多人次。这种状况之下,我国农业保险理应发挥其最大的效应,为受灾农户分忧解愁,为农业发展保驾护航。我国经过20多年的农业保险试验,国家政府也充分认识到建立政策性农业保险制度的重要性。2004年3月,中共中央国务院促进农民增收意见中明确提出,要“加快建立政策性农业保险制度,选择部分产品和部分地区率先试点,有条件的地方可对参加种养业保险的农户给予一定的保费补贴”。之后全国有9个省市开始了政策性农业保险业务的试点工作。去年面对猪肉价格的不断上涨,国家又提出了在我国建立能繁母猪保险补贴制度,对饲养能繁母猪的养殖户给予保费补贴。这些试点工作取得了不错的效果,促进了我国政策性农业保险的发展。但是目前我国政策性农业保险的经营不论是从法律架构、治理环境、经营主体、保险模式、财政税收的扶持等方面还是不能满足农业经济发展的需求。如何更好地构建起我国政策性农业保险体制,使其为当前的农村改革服务,成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。本文的目的旨在以保险学理论、经济学理论为基础,通过对我国农业保险的现状及成因进行分析,在结合世界各国农业保险发展经验的基础上,通过建立数学模型,提出了构建我国政策性农业保险体制的对策建议。文章主要由五部分组成。第一部分,前言。这一部分包括研究目的及意义、研究现状与文献综述、研究方法、基本思路与逻辑结构以及本文的创新与不足。第二部分,农业保险概述。首先分析了农业生产面临的三大风险以及农业风险的特点。在此基础上阐述了农业保险的内涵、分类和不同于一般商业保险的特征,把本文的农业保险定位于狭义的农业保险,并指出由于农业保险利益外溢的特征,其具有准公共产品的性质,它的发展需要政府提供支持。接着提出农业保险具有分散农业经营风险,对农业风险损失进行经济补偿,防灾防损,资金融通和社会管理的职能。当前在我国发展农业保险对推动农业结构调整,加快农业产业化进程,社会主义新农村的建设有着积极的现实意义。第三部分,农业保险在我国的发展状况。这一部分首先通过图表和数据说明近年来我国农业保险的发展处于困境,与保险业的快速发展形成鲜明对比。然后从福利经济学的角度说明农业保险具有需求和供给的双重正外部性,导致农业保险“需求不足,供给有限”,指出在完全市场化条件下,农业保险必然走向萎缩,要解决这一问题,需要政府的补贴。接着选取了近年来比较有代表的几个农业保险试点作了介绍。包括专业性的农业保险公司,比如上海安信、阳光相互、吉林安华;江苏的淮安、苏州两市采用的政府与保险公司联办共保试点;浙江采用的“政府推动+市场运作+农民自愿”方式试点。在肯定这些试点取得的成绩和经验的基础上,也指出了它们存在的不足,比如在农业保险公司的运营中,缺乏再保险支持;国家对农业保险公司缺乏税收优惠的政策支持;国家相关法律法规不健全等。然后把我国去年开始实施的生猪保险作为单个险种的典型,对其实施的背景,政策的支持,各地的经验以及实施过程中存在的问题作了较细致的分析。最后归纳总结了最近几年我国政府出台的一些关于促进农业保险发展的政策文件。第四部分,国外农业保险的发展状况及其启示。从世界范围来看,农业保险在一些发达国家和发展中国家得到了不同程度的发展。这一部分分别对美国、日本、印度的农业保险,加拿大的畜牧业保险和蒙古国的指数保险作了阐述。总结他们在政府支持,法律保障,组织体系等方面的成功经验,并从中得到启示,为建立和完善有中国特色的农业保险体制提供借鉴。第五部分,构建我国政策性农业保险体制的对策建议。这一部分主要是在前文分析的基础上对构建适合我国国情的政策性农业保险制度提出相关的对策建议。首先对我国农业保险的自然灾害作了区划:对所研究的区域进行风险评判区的划分;选择农业保险自然灾害评判因子;建立分层次综合评判的数学模型。即首先进行灾害危险性评判与灾害易损性评判,再进行灾害保险风险度评判,得到各评判区的综合自然灾害风险度级别。按照区划的结果,把我国农业保险自然灾害划分为三类地区。其次,运用区划的结果,结合三类地区各自的特点,设计出三种不同的农业保险运行模式。东北、新疆等大的农垦区实行政府支持下的合作互助经营的模式;中西部地区实行政府主导下的商业保险公司模式;东部和沿海地区实行国家支持下的商业保险公司模式。接着指出我国的农业保险应该采取在实践中发现问题再修正的步骤进行法制建设,对农业保险法的具体内容作了简要的说明。然后指出通过加强监管,运用再保险,建立保障基金和发行巨灾债券对农业保险的风险进行风险管控。最后提出可以采用将其适度纳入强制保险体系,加快险种创新等方式推动农业保险更好地发展。本文的创新之处在于:第一,时代性较强,文章选取的材料较新。生猪保险作为近年农业保险的热点问题,不论是政府、保险公司还是普通的农户,都投入了极大的关注热情。其出台的背景,实施的措施和效果以及存在的问题,本文都作了比较详细的阐述。第二,以往学者对农业保险的研究主要通过定性的方式,很少采用数学模型这一工具。而在对农业保险的区划研究中,之前学者对农业保险的区划集中在种植业上。本文通过建立数学模型,运用定量分析的方法把种植业和养殖业综合起来,对农业保险的自然灾害作出区划。希望对农业保险的区划研究提供一个新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an agricultural country,the stability of agriculture in China plays an important role in the entire national economy. China’s agriculture is facing a variety of serious risks, especially the frequent occurrence of natural disasters.It is a serious threat to the sustainable development of agriculture. Over the past 10 years, losses caused by atural disasters are 1,000 billion yuan and affect 200 billion people every year. China’s agricultural insurance should plays a role in the development of agriculture.After more than 20 years of China’s agricultural insurance testing, the government is fully aware of the importance of policy-oriented agricultural insurance system. In 2004, 9 provinces had started a policy-oriented agricultural insurance pilot project. And a pig insurance systerm had been established last year in the face of the rising price of pork. These experiments have made good effect to promote China’s agricultural insurance. But it can’t meet the need of the agricultural economy. How to build China’s agricultural insurance system becomes an important topic.This article baseds on insurance and economic theory, analyzing the current situation of China’s agricultural insurance. Through the establishment of a mathematical model, it puts forward a policy to build our country’s agricultural insurance system. This article is mainly composed ty five parts.Part one serves as an introduction which is concerned with such areas as the aim an significance of the thesis, literature summarization, methodolody, the logistical system, as well as the innovation and the insufficiency of the article. Part two is entitled‘An overview of the agricultural insurance.’. Firstly, this part analyzes the characteristic of agricalture insurance and its development needing the government to provide support. Then puts forward agricultural insurance having some functions and a positive practical significance in our country.Part three is entitled‘The development of agricultural insurance in China’.Firstly, this part analyzes the causation of the shortage in agrcultural insurance from the perspective of welfare economics.Then selects some representative experimental agricultura insurance places.These places have made good achievements but there are also some shortcomings. Thirdly, choseing the swine insurance as a typical individual insurance, analyzes the background, policy support throughout the process, as well as the experience and the problems detailedly.Part four is entitled‘The development of agricultural insurance abroad and its inspiration.’. Agricultural insurance has different levels of development both in developed and developing countries. This part introduces agricultural insurance in the United States, Japan, India, animal husbandry insurance in Canada and index insurance in Mongolia. We can learn from them to help us establish our agriculural insurance systerm.Part five is entitled‘Suggestions for the agricultural insurance systerm in China’. This part gives some suggestions for building a policy-oriented agricultural insurance system in our country based on the analysis above. Firtly, dividing our country into three areas according to its natural risk through a mathmatic model. Secondly, designes three different mode of operation of agricultural insurance for these three areas based on their trait. Then, gives some advice on the legal construction. In order to control the risk, we need to strengthening the supervision, using reinsurance, catastrophe bonds and establishing a fund. In addition, we can put it into compulsory insurance system, speed up innovations and so on to promote better development of agricultural insurance.This article has some innovations. First, this article selects the newest materia. As a hot issue, the government, insurance companies and ordinary farmers invests a great deal of concern enthusiasm into swine insurance. The the background, implementation, effectiveness of the measures and the existing problems of the swine insurance are made fairly detailed in this article. Second, scholars of the past, were primarily through qualitative research approach on agricultural insurance study. They rarely used mathematical model tools. And in the division of agriculture insurance , they focused on only the farming insurance. In this article, through the establishment of mathematical models, the author uses quantitative analysis method to make division of both the faming and the breeding insurance.更多还原