【作者】 田丽；

【导师】 岳丽宏；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 市政工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 氮、磷引起的水体污染日益加剧,水体富营养化问题日益突出,给水体生态系统和人民健康造成了极大危害,氮和磷的去除到了不可忽视的地步。利用固定化小球藻可以有效的去除二级污水中的氮磷,并可解决悬浮藻处理氮磷时藻水分离问题,同时还可以得到具有一定应用价值的小球藻。本文结合大量的实验数据,研究了氮磷含量及比例、藻颗粒量、饥饿处理（饥饿时间和氮磷饥饿）、pH值、振荡、曝气（曝气与否和曝气量大小）等因素对固定化小球藻去除氮磷的影响,并以这些因素的最佳条件为前提,对实际生活污水进行试验,考察了其对实际二级污水的去除效果,为固定化小球藻处理生活污水中氮磷的工程化应用提供了一些基础性研究成果。（1）氮磷含量及比例对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,氮磷比在3:1-10:1之间时,NH₄⁺-N的去除率随着氮磷比的增大而减小;初始磷含量越高最终PO₄^3--P的去除率越小,而PO₄^3--P的去除量越大。氮磷比为5:1时磷的去除效果最好,可达100%,初始磷酸盐磷含量越高,磷酸盐磷去除率越大,去除量越大,去除速度越快。（2）藻颗粒量对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,在合理的氮磷含量及比例下,藻颗粒量为1000个胶球/150mL人工污水时氨氮的去除量与去除率都较大,去除率可达97.22%,去除效果较好,而藻颗粒量为1500个胶球/150mL人工污水时磷酸盐磷的去除量与去除率都较大,去除率可达66.41%,去除效果较好。对氨氮的去除率而言,1000＞800＞1500＞300个胶球/150mL人工污水;对磷酸盐磷的去除率而言,1500＞1000＞800＞300个胶球/150mL人工污水。颗粒量过多会抑制小球藻对氮磷等营养元素的吸收。（3）饥饿时间对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,不饥饿（+处理时间24h）时氨氮的去除量较大,饥饿+24h初期提高了氮磷的去除率,饥饿+48h时磷酸盐磷的去除量较大。不饥饿（+处理时间24h）时氮磷去除效果最好。氮磷饥饿对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,N饥饿会提高磷酸盐磷的去除量和去除率,P饥饿可以提高氨氮的去除量和去除率。（4）pH值对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,氮磷去除的最佳条件为中性偏碱性7.02-7.19。（5）振荡对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,振荡可提高固定化小球藻对N、P的去除量和去除率,但振荡使胶球之间摩擦碰撞机会增大,胶球易解体脱落使一部分小球藻和海藻酸钠凝胶悬浮于污水中,增大水体浊度造成二次污染。因此,要提高氮磷的去除效果必须缩短振荡条件下的反应时间,以免造成二次污染。（6）曝气对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,夜晚曝气可明显提高氨氮和磷酸盐磷的去除率,但是并没有显著提高氮磷的总去除量。曝气量大小对固定化小球藻处理氮磷的实验结果表明,对氨氮的去除较好的条件是曝气量2L/min-3L/min,对磷酸盐磷的去除较好的条件是曝气量0.2L/min-0.8L/min。（7）试验取麦岛和团岛两个污水处理厂的二级出水进行小试,以上述最佳实验条件为前提得出:氮磷的去除率在四天内就可以达到近80%,甚至100%,氮磷的去除也同样受到污水水质的影响,如果污水中含有对海藻酸钙凝胶小球有毒的物质,固定化小球藻处理方法就不宜采用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The water pollution caused by nitrogen and phosphorus has become seriously day by day,and waters eutrophication is becoming more and more badly.So waters ecosystem and peoples’ health has been damaged severely.The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has become nonneglectable.Immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa can remove nitrogen and phosphorus from secondary effluent effectively.The separation problem between algae and water in nitrogen and phosphorus disposal by suspended algae can be solved too.At the same time we can gain some chlorella pyrenoidosa of a certain value. This study contains a lot of examination data and studies the influences of factors to the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa.For example,nitrogen and phosphorus contents and nitrogen/phosphorus ratio,the number of algae grains,starvation disposal（starvation time and nitrogen and phosphorus starvation）,pH value,oscillating,aeration（aerating or not and aeration intensity）. Under the premise of these factors’ best conditions I studied factual wastewater,tested its removal effects on secondary effluent.This study provides some basic studies for the project application of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa.（1）The study results of nitrogen and phosphorus contents and nitrogen/ phosphorus ratio on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa show that when nitrogen/phosphorus ratio is between 3:1 and 10:1,the removal rate of NH₄⁺-N decreases as the ratio increases;the higher the initial content of phosphorus the little the final PO₄^3--P removal rate is,but the higher PO₄^3--P removal quantity is.When nitrogen/phosphorus ratio is 5:1,PO₄^3--P removal rate is best and can reach 100%;the higher the initial content of phosphorus the high PO₄^3--P removal rate is;so well as its removal ammount and speed.（2）The study results of the number of algae grains on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa show that under the reasonable nitrogen and phosphorus contents and nitrogen/phosphorus ratio,the removal content and rate of NH₄⁺-N are all higher at the density of 1000 per 150 mL wastewater,and the removal effect of NH₄⁺-N is preferably,the removal rate can reach 97.22%.But the removal content and rate of PO₄^3--P are all higher at the density of 1500 per 150 mL wastewater,and the removal effect of PO₄^3--P is preferably,the removal rate can reach 66.41%.For the removal rate of NH₄⁺-N,the order is 1000＞800＞1500＞300 grains per 150mL manual wastewater,and for PO₄^3--P,the order is 1500＞1000＞800＞300 grains per 150mL manual wastewater.If the gains are too many the chlorella pyrenoidosa’ nutrition absorbtion of nitrogen and phosphorus will be controlled.（3）The study results of the starvation time on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa indicate that the removal amount of NH₄⁺-N is larger at the condition of non-starvation（contains disposal time 24 hours）, after 24 hours of starvation,the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus can be promoted at the beginning,when the starvation time is 48 hours the removal amount of PO₄^3--P is higher.Nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect is the best at the condition of non-starvation（contains disposal time 24 hours）.The study results of the nitrogen and phosphorus starvation time on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa indicate that N starvation can promote the removal amount and rate of PO₄^3--P.P starvation can promote the removal amount and rate of NH₄⁺-N.（4）The study results of pH value on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa indicate that the best condition of nitrogen and phosphorus removal is neutral but a little alkalescence from 7.02 to 7.19.（5）The study results of oscillating on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa indicate that oscillating can promote the removal rate and amount,but the chance between grains becomes more and more because of oscillating,so the grains are easy to disorganize and break off,a part of chlorella pyrenoidosa and alginate gelatin suspend in wastewater,and the turbidity becomes larger,so the water will be contaminated again.If we want to promote the removal effect of nitrogen and phosphorus we should cut the time of oscillating,for fear that the water could be polluted again.（6）The study results of aeration on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa indicate that aerating in the night can promote the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus prominently,but the total removal amount can’t be promoted prominently.The study results of aeration intensity on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa indicate that the better condition on the removal of NH₄⁺-N is 2L/min-3L/min;and the better condition on the removal of PO₄^3--P is 0.2L/min-1.5L/min.（7）This study takes the secondary wastewater from Mai Island and Tuan Island as a test,and in the promise of the best condition it shows that during 4 days the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus can reach nearly 80%and 100%.Nitrogen and phosphorus removal is also be influenced by wastewater quality.If there are some poisonous matter to alginate gelatin immobilized chlorella pyrenoidosa the method will not be adopted.更多还原