【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 毛志平；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织化学与染整工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 智能聚合物材料正引起当今世界材料领域的广泛关注。作为智能聚合物材料的智能防水透湿织物也成为热点研究领域之一。形状记忆聚氨酯材料由于其出众的性能和宽广的应用领域,本文对其进行了研究,并在此基础上引进了具有温度敏感的智能凝胶材料,使其透湿性能在现有水平上有所突破,其预期效果是对传统型和现有智能型防水透湿织物的透湿气性能的突破,并将其提升到一个新的层次,从而为人们提供更舒适、更优越、更智能的防水透湿织物。本实验利用溶液聚合的方法,通过选择适宜的原料种类和配比,合成出形状记忆温度在人体体温附近的热敏型聚氨酯。通过差示热力扫描仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(WXRD)、织物透湿仪、万能材料试验机张力拉伸测试仪对它们的形态,微观结构,机械性能和透湿性能等进行表征。DSC结果表明,形状记忆聚氨酯的相转变温度(软段结晶—熔融温度,Ts,m)随着硬段含量的增加和软段分子量的减少而降低;WAXD测试则证明了形状记忆聚氨酯的相分离程度亦随着硬段含量的增加和软段分子量的减少而降低。形状记忆聚氨酯膜透湿性在其相变温度附近发生明显增大。通过使用不同浓度的交联剂、不同单体配比,不同合成温度,合成出具有快速温度响应和较大溶涨率的聚N-异丙基丙稀酰胺(NiPAAm)/丙烯酸(SA)水凝胶。结果显示使用对单体摩尔百分比为2%的交联剂、单体摩尔比丙烯酸(SA)/NiPAAm为2/98、合成温度为35℃时可以得凝胶到溶胀率较大(>300)、反应速率较快,其响应温度在30～35℃。利用物理共混的方法制备出的水凝胶与形状记忆聚氨酯智能型聚合物复合薄膜,其透湿性水平要明显高于纯聚氨酯膜,而且随着其中凝胶含量的增加,其透湿性能也逐渐提高更多还原

【Abstract】 The development of smart polymer is currently of great interest in the world. Intelligent water proof and moisture permeability fabric has became one of the hottest fields of this kind of materials. As one of the most promising smart material, Shape memory polyurethanes （SMPU） was investigated in this paper. Thermally sensitive poly （N-isopropylacrylainide -co-sodium acrylate） hydrogels was introduced into SMPU, because of its sharp phase transition in volume around its LCST. By such design, the mixed polymer film is given higher vapor permeability at warm temperatures and lower permeability at coldness compare to shape memory polyurethane film, which made a highly promising future for intelligent breathable textiles.SMPUs were tailor made in order to obtain the phase transition temperature （soft segment crystal melting temperature） in the room temperature range, and were prepared by solution polymerization. The SMPUs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）. The DSC results indicated that SMPUs had descending phase transition temperature (soft segment crystal melting point, T_s,m) with the hard segment content increasing and the molecular weight of soft segment decreasing. The phase separation of SMPU increased with the decrease of hard segment content as well as with the increase of the molecular weight of soft segment, which proved by the WAXD measurements. Temperature-sensitive water vapor permeability of SMPU at the phase transition temperature was observed, which was changed obviously with different SMPU hard segment content.Hydrogels were prepared by free radical polymerization in aqueous solution of N-isopropylacrylamide （NiPAAm） with sodium acrylate （SA） as comonomer in order to get a thermo- & pH-sensitive hydrogels with goods welling property. Hydrogels prepared with different comonomer concentrations, dosage of cross-linker and under different synthesis temperatures were investigated in this paper. The resulting hydrogels synthesized at 35℃, using 2% crosslinking agent, and copolymer ratio（SA/NiPAAm） of 98/2, exhibited a fast thermo-responsibility, good swelling ability.The mixed polymer film of SMPU and dispersed gel particles were prepared by mechanical blend. It gives a better water vapor permeability compare to SMPU films, and the water vapor permeability volume increased with the increase of PNiPAAm-co-SA hydrogel content.更多还原