【作者】 张强；

【导师】 赵如松；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 我国原油资源丰富,但随着开采的深入,其开采难度也在逐渐增加,稠油的开采问题成为国内大部分油田的首要问题,因此,研究稠油降粘的问题将有一定的实际意义。胜利油田滨南采油厂首站稠油粘度大,流动性很差,通过开发稠油降粘剂将有助于解决此问题。本文研究了滨南采油厂首站稠油的理化性质,考察了该稠油的流变性质,及沥青质与表面活性剂在油水界面处的作用规律,并以生物柴油的副产物甘油为主要原料,合成了一种聚甘油月桂酸-苯甲酸混合酯乳化降粘剂,且对其进行了表征,研究结果表明：(1)该稠油含水率较高,达到了37.9%,且液滴均匀分布于稠油中,另外,该稠油中沥青质含量达到了14.9%,酸值为2.27mgKOH/L,已属高酸值稠油,该稠油粘度对温度及剪切率的敏感度很大,其会随温度及剪切率的增加而减小,但当温度及剪切率升高到一定程度时,稠油粘度会基本不变。(2)本文选择八聚甘油与月桂酸和苯甲酸采用咪唑—磺酸型酸性离子液体做催化剂进行酯化反应得到聚甘油月桂酸-苯甲酸混合酯乳化降粘剂。最佳合成条件：催化剂的质量分数为30%(以聚甘油与月桂酸总质量计)；聚甘油月桂酸酯合成的反应时间为4h,反应温度为190℃；聚甘油月桂酸—苯甲酸酯合成的反应时间为4h,反应温度为85℃,产物经分子蒸馏提纯后,对其进行了表征,结果表明,反应合成出了聚甘油月桂酸-苯甲酸混合酯。(3)最终产物的水溶液有良好的表面活性,其临界胶束浓度为0.66%(质量分数),在油水界面处,表面活性剂分子可以与沥青质分子很好的作用,降低油水界面张力及界面剪切粘弹性,这一方面会促进油水分离,另一方面会促进O/W乳状液的形成,最终产物对滨南采油厂首站稠油有良好的乳化降粘效果,最终降粘率为95.3%,在与碱、OP-10、SDS复配后,其降粘率可以达99%以上。更多还原

【Abstract】 Crude oil are rich resources in our country, but with the furtherexploitation of crude oil, the difficulty of mining is also gradually increase, theproblem of heavy oil exploitation become the most important issue in ourcountry’s main oil field, therefore, researching the problem of heavy oilviscosity reduction will have certain practical significance. The viscosity ofheavy oil which from Shengli oil field Binnan oil production plant is high, andthe liquidity is poor, through the development of heavy oil viscosity reductionwill help us to solve this problem.This paper had studied the physicochemical properties of heavy oil fromBinnan oil production plant, investigated its rheological properties and effectslaw at water oil interface between asphaltene and surfactant, based on theglycerine which was the by product of biological diesel oil for main rawmaterial to compound the polyglycerol lauric acid benzoic acid mixed esteremulsifier and viscosity reducer, and the synthesis product was characterized,the results show that: (1) The moisture content of heavy oil reached37.9%, and the droplet wasevenly distributed in the heavy oil, in addition, the asphalt content reached14.9%in this heavy oil, the acid value is2.27mgKOH/L, this oil had pertainedto high acid value crude oil, the sensitivity of the oil viscosity on temperatureand shear rate is great, the changes with temperature and shear rate increasedwill decrease, but when the changes rised to a certain degree, the heavy oilviscosity will basically unchanged.(2) Using the polyglycerol to proceed the esterification reaction with thelauric acid and benzoic acid to get the polyglycerol lauric acid benzoic acidmixed ester emulsifier and viscosity reducer, and the catalyst wasimidazole sulfoacid acid lonic liquid. The optimum reaction conditions were:using sulfuric resin as catalyst with a mass fraction of30%(based on the massof polyglycerol and lauric acid), the reaction time of polyglycerol lauric acidester is4h, the reaction temperature190, the reaction time of polyglycerollauric acid benzoic acid ester is4h, the reaction temperature85, after usingmolecular distillation method to purify the product, the synthesis product wascharacterized, results show that the polyglycerol lauric acid benzoic acidmixed ester has been obtained in the experiment.(3) The product had the high surfactivity, which CMC is0.66%(massfraction), at the oil water interface, the effect between surfactant andasphaltene molecules is very good, the surfactant molecules can reduce oilwater interfacial tension and interfacial shear viscoelastic, it will promote the separation of oil and water, on the other hand will promote to form O/Wemulsion, it had the optimal emulsification viscosity reduction effect on heavyoil, the viscosity decline rate of reached95.3%, after compounding with alkali,OP10, SDS, the viscosity decline rate of reached more than99%.更多还原