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债权出资的法律风险与防范机制

The Legal Risk and Prevention Mechanisms of the Creditor’s Rights Investment

【作者】 王宁;

【导师】 李显冬;

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 , 民商法学, 2012, 硕士

【摘要】 随着市场经济发展过程中资本需求的不断增长,以及公司信用基础理论由资本信用向资产信用的变化,我国公司股东出资形式逐渐多样化。2005年修订的《中华人民共和国公司法》为债权出资提供了法律基础,2011年底国家工商总局发布的《公司债权转股权登记管理办法》等规范性文件为债权出资的实践操作提供了相应的依据。债权作为一种财产,目前理论和实务界都赞同其可以作为出资,然而,由于债权固有的特点,债权出资较之其他形式的出资形式具有较大的风险,如果不加防范,会给出资人本身及公司、其他股东、债权人造成损害,甚至对社会经济秩序造成影响。因此,对债权出资的风险及其防范机制进行研究就显得尤其重要。本文通过对学者们已有研究成果的梳理,分析了债权出资的基本概念、理论基础、历史沿革及国外理论,研究了债权出资的法律风险,并提出了相应的风险防范机制。本文第一部分是债权出资的概述。首先对债权出资的概念进行界定,并对资本、资产及出资形式等相关概念进行阐述。然后该部分对债权出资的理论基础进行了研究,分析了债权出资的合理性和必要性基础,主要是公司资产信用基础由资本信用向资产信用的转变,以及公司法立法理念中公法与私法的博弈。同时,该部分研究了债权之所以可以作为出资形式的基础条件,即债权具有财产属性并可依法让与或抵销。本文第二部分首先梳理了我国法律、法规及其他规范性文件对于债权出资制度相关规定的历史沿革,对债权出资的立法现状进行了说明。同时,该部分也对国外的相关法律及立法理论进行了比较研究。本文第三部分主要是对债权出资的风险进行了分析。在分析研究了债权自身的性质和债权的不同类型基础上,分别分析了以对第三人的债权出资和以对公司的债权出资的不同风险,主要都是集中在债权的真实性风险和实现性风险上。本文第四部分提出了对债权出资的风险防范机制。首先,是严格限制可以用来出资的债权的条件,包括一般条件和特殊条件,而判断债权是否符合条件应根据不同的情况进行确定。对于以对第三人的债权出资的风险防范机制,本文主要提出了四个方面的建议,一是完善债权出资的评估机制,二是要求用以出资的债权原则上应附有担保,三是要求债务人承诺放弃抗辩权,四是建立债权出资的公示机制。对于以对公司的债权出资的风险防范机制,本文提出两个方面的建议,一是完善公司表决机制,二是禁止以股东享有的对公司的债权抵销其所欠应缴股款。最后,本文提出了完善债权出资责任承担的相关建议,主要从出资人、公司董事及高级管理人员、评估机构三类主体的责任进行了分析。

【Abstract】 With the growing demand for capital in the development of marketeconomy, as well as the changes of theory on company credit basis, moreand more investment forms of investment are accepted by companies. Thenew "China’s company law" revised in2005provides the legal basis forthis change, and the “Administrative Regulation on the Registration on debtto equity” provides the legal basis for enforcement of the law. As a kind ofproperty, the Creditor’s rights are accepted as a form of investment byscholars and the legislature. However, due to the inherent characteristics ofthe creditor’s rights, the creditor’s rights investment has greater risk thanother forms of investment. These risks will cause damage to the companiesand the investors, creditors, and other shareholders of the companies, evento the system of economic. Therefore, the research on preventionmechanisms of creditor’s rights investment risk is very important.On the basis of existing results, this paper analyzes the basic concept,theoretical basis, history and foreign theories of creditor’s rights investment.Then, this paper discusses the risk of creditor’s rights investment, and putsforward the suggestion on prevention mechanisms against the risk ofcreditor’s rights investment.The first part of this paper is the general description of the creditor’srights investment. Firstly, the author defines the concept of creditor’s rights investment, capital, assets, investment form and other related concepts.Then this part analyzes the rationality and necessity of the creditor’s rightsinvestment theories. Finally, this part analyzed the conditions of thecreditor’s rights investment.The second part of this paper mainly analyzes the Chinese laws,regulations and other normative documents on creditor’s rights investmentand some of the relevant foreign laws and regulations.The third part of this paper is the analysis on the risk of creditor’srights investment in two aspects, the authenticity and realization risk ofcreditor’s rights investment.The fourth part of this paper is the suggestion on preventionmechanisms against the risk of creditor’s rights investment.

  • 【分类号】D922.291.91
  • 【被引频次】2
  • 【下载频次】343
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