【作者】 王丽丽；

【导师】 乔瑞金；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是针对马克思的个体性思想的研究。个体性问题在西方哲学史上不仅是-个重要的问题,而且也是一个备受关注的问题。从古希腊时期对个体性问题的论述,经过基督教近千年的教化,个体性问题一直局限在哲学形而上学领域里,可是这种局限到后来发生了一个重要的转变。这种转变是在文艺复兴的时候才开始的,即对个体性思想的关注转向了对人自身的重视。在伴随着科学技术的不断发展和资本主义经济在全球的迅速崛起的同时,世界历史也随之发生了重大的改变,翻开了新的篇章。与此同时,“个人的历史”也终于被人们所发现,予以重视。然而,不管是从理论上来看还是从现实来衡量和分析,个人都很难从柏拉图的“双重世界”中脱离出来。德国古典哲学家在现代文明的发展中认识到了这种悖论,提出了“世界公民”说,揭示出历史的个性与历史的普遍必然性之间形成对抗性关系,然而,最终他们针对这种对抗性所做的调整结果仍然是用牺牲感性个体为代价来换取思辨的逻辑体系的地位。马克思提出个体性思想,是对这种悖论最直接和最为有力的应答。马克思把个体性思想建立在实现人的个性自由和全面发展的基础之上,因为社会历史发展的一个最重要标准就是通过个性的解放、个性的发展程度来衡量。文章通过对马克思的个体性思想的研究,肯定个体在社会历史发展中的动力作用,进而充分阐明马克思的个体性思想的内涵及其现实意义。文章共分三部分。第一章主要论述哲学研究的一个重要课题——个体性。具体分三个时期论述不同时期哲学家的个体性思想。其一是从古希腊到文艺复兴时期的个体性思想的发展概述；其二是德国古典哲学家的个体性思想；其三是马克思的个体性思想的历史发展过程。第二章重点研究马克思的个体性思想的理论内涵。具体阐述了作为个体存在的人的本质；个人是社会的基础、出发点和目的；个性发展是人的自由和解放的前提；个人的发展程度体现社会的发展程度。第三章从三个方面论述了马克思的个体性思想的现实意义。一方面,马克思的个体性思想是以人为本思想的理论基础。另一方面,落实马克思的个体性思想有助于实现科学发展观的目标。最后马克思的个体性思想也为我们提供衡量社会发展状况的一个尺度。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper study the individual thought of Marx, which is an important and broad issue of the Western thought in the history From ancient Greece to the discussion of individual problems, and after nearly a thousand years of Christian indoctrination, the individual problems has been limited to the field of metaphysics, until the Renaissance, there was an important changing, which is pointing to the human itself instead of the individuality With the rising of science and the global expansion of capitalism, the world began "to charm" process, and "personal history" has been found But then the people found both in theory and in reality they Had failed to get rid of "Plato’s double of the world" German classical philosophers perceived the development of modern civilization this paradox, proposed a "world citizen" It reveals the adversarial relations between the history of the personality and the universal necessity But in the end, to fight for this they made the cost of reconcile them be the logical system engulfed the individual emotional However, the individual thought of Marx is the direct response to this paradox It study the individual thought from the thought of Marx’s social history, which is based on realizing the freedom of the human personality and overall development The liberation of personality and the personality development is an important measure of the social and history development. By studying the Marx’s individual thought, it recognized the important individual role in society and affirmed the dynamic role of the individuals in the historical development Sufficiently clarify the meaning and significance of Marx’s individual thought.This article has three parts the first chapter discusses the important philosophy issue of individuality. It discusses the individual thought from three different times. And the first period was from ancient Greece to the Renaissance. The next period was the German classical philosophers thought. Finally period was the development of Marx’s individual thought. The second chapter focuses on the meaning of Marx’s theory of individual thought. It discusses the existence of individual who embody the essence of the people. The individual is the basis of society, the starting point and destination. Personality development is the premise of human freedom and liberation, and the level of individual development determines the development of society The next chapter discusses the significance of Marx’s individual thought from three aspects The one hand, Marx’s individual thought is the basic of people-oriented theory, and the other hand, Marx’s individual thought is the target of concept of scientific development. Finally, Individual Thought of Marx provides us with a standard test of social development theory.更多还原