【作者】 刘丽；

【导师】 汪金兰； 蒋敏；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 法律， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 专利权的初衷意在保护专利所有人的专有权利,鼓励人们进行发明创造以期促进技术创新、促进科技与经济结合,并最终达到推动社会前进发展的目的。但随着社会的发展,专利权在促进技术开发的同时,也限制了技术的流动及其作用的发挥,而且极有可能会成为解决有关社会问题的障碍。作为对专利权的重要限制,专利强制许可制度应运而生,成为防止专利权人滥用垄断权、保护社会公共利益的重要手段。目前对专利强制许可问题的研究,多集中在药品强制许可制度的研究上。我国自1985年实施专利制度以来,专利事业迅速发展,在科技进步和经济发展中日益发挥重要作用。但是,在实践中,许多专利技术并没有投入使用,据调查报告指出,只有30%的专利完全投入使用,甚至有的学者估计只有20%至25%的专利曾投入实际运用。专利的研究要投入大量的人力和财力,而大量闲置的专利浪费了过多的资源。作为私权保护的专利权,在现阶段怎样才能起到其起源和发展初期阶段曾在西方国家所产生的对经济增长和社会发展的巨大促进作用,是值得研究的。专利强制许可不仅应当使得专利避免成为解决有关技术与社会问题的障碍,而且有必要促使专利权能够发挥更为积极的作用。到目前为止,我国尚无一例专利强制许可案例,甚至未曾有过通过威胁实施强制许可的案例。如何使我国的专利强制许可制度具有实用性和可操作性是本文研究的问题。专利强制许可目前主要有实施性强制许可、以公共利益为目的的强制许可、对垄断或反竞争行为救济的强制许可、依赖性专利的交叉强制许可、药品专利的强制许可这五种类型。专利强制许可有其实施的必要性,能够防止专利权人滥用垄断权,从而促进公平竞争推动经济发展,还可以维护公共利益、应对紧急情况。我国加入的国际条约中,《巴黎公约》和Trips协议就有关于强制许可的大致规定,我国自从1985年实施专利法以来,也对专利强制许可的内容做了几次修改,但仍然存在一定的问题。笔者认为应该从立法和构建外部环境两方面完善我国专利强制许可实施机制。总之,专利强制许可需要在保护专利权的同时又能限制专利权滥用,并且使得专利制度从单纯保护私权向促进技术流动和提升其社会价值这两方面推动。在促进技术流动和经济发展的基础上,专利强制许可有希望扫平交易的障碍,加强贸易往来和促进经济不断发展。所以,不应当把专利强制许可仅仅当做是专利权的个人利益和公共利益的一个平衡机制,还应该利用其潜在的对经济社会的促进功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The original intention of patent right is to protect the patent holders’exclusive rights, encourage people to invent and create, promote technological innovation, promote the combination of science and technology with economy, and ultimately achieves the purpose of promoting social progress. As an important restriction on patent, patent compulsory license system emerges. It helps to prevent the patentee from abusing monopoly, now the system has become the useful means to protect public interests. Compulsory license of patent issues concentrates on the medicine compulsory license system research. Since1985, our country has been practicing compulsory patent system. So the patent career develops quickly. It plays an increasingly important role in science and technology and economic development. However, in practice, many patents are not put into use, according to the report, only30%of the patents is put into use, and even some scholars estimates that only20%to25%of the patent was put into practical use. Study on the patent needs a lot of manpower and financial resources, but a large number of idle patents waste too many resources. As a private right protector, how to make use of the patent right, how to play its role as it plays in the aspect of promotion of science and technology and economy at its early age in western country is worth studying. Patent compulsory license should not only make patent avoid becoming hinders of solving technical and social problem, but also it is necessary to make the patent right to play a more active role. So far, there is no patent compulsory license case, even not any cases carried out by threaten the compulsory license case. How to make our country’s system of compulsory patent license has the practicability and maneuverability is the key of this thesis.This paper focuses on patent and patent compulsory license system’s historical development, as well as the patent compulsory license system particularity. The patent rights and patent compulsory license system is introduced in this thesis. At the same time, this thesis discusses the legal relation, the significance and value of the patent rights and patent compulsory license systemThen through the introduction of some cases of patent compulsory licensing in some developed countries and China, the patent compulsory license system’s present situation is discussed. Based on the national compulsory licensing laws and practical analysis, the thesis summaries up the significance.Finally, it is pointed out that China’s compulsory license legal system is insufficient, so this thesis puts forward the proposal that how to make our country compulsory license legal system has the practicability and maneuverability.In short, the compulsory license of patent should play an important part in restricting the abuse of patent right of action based on the patent system, and it should make the patent system enlace its value of the protection of private rights to the aspect of promoting the development of economy. On the basis of the technical communication and economic development, it is hopeful that compulsory patent license would erase trade barriers, strengthen trade and promote the constant development of economy. So, we should not regard the patent compulsory license as only the patent right of individual interest and public interest or a balancing mechanism, we should make use of its potential function for social and economic promotion.更多还原