【作者】 赵强；

【导师】 杨敏； 熊祖根；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 安全工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 国际上许多安全业绩卓越的石油、化工企业,如：BP、壳牌、杜邦等,从技术上,将安全管理系统划分为行为安全和工艺安全两个方面。行为安全,即员工的安全行为、安全表现如何进行管理。行为安全管理的重要意义在于规范员工安全行为,培养员工安全素质,降低事故发生率,逐步提升企业安全文化。本文,以中国石油天然气集团公司与美国杜邦公司合作开展“推进HSE管理体系建设和实施”项目为背景,以行为安全管理工具为研究对象,分别以钻井作业关键任务和员工日常安全表现为着力点论述如何实施行为安全管理。(1)以作业现场关键任务为主线,采用工作安全分析(JSA),分解作业步骤,识别作业步骤可能存在的危害并确定其控制措施；在对关键任务进行工作安全分析的基础上,编制关键任务标准作业程序(SOP),通过工作循环检查(JCC)验证作业程序的适用性和被员工遵守的程度,从而强化员工执行安全措施,以控制常规作业的风险。采用作业许可(PTW)制度,通过作业责任人和批准人实施双重确认来控制偏离作业程序的非常规作业的风险,以弥补作业程序的不足。(2)针对员工日常的安全表现,采用安全观察与沟通(STOP)来关注和纠正员工的不安全行为,以此作为作业程序(SOP)、作业许可(PTW)的补充。通过对观察数据进行分析,找出管理层面的共性问题,为管理层安全决策提供依据,堵住管理漏洞,减少不安全行为,从而减少生产安全事故。本文论述了JSA、SOP、JCC、PTW、STOP之间相互联系,分别论述了5项工具的适用范围、应用方法、实施步骤以及常见的误区。文章最后通过对比试点单位与非试点单位不安全行为的统计数据,总结作业现场应用行为安全管理工具取得的效果,并从如何解决执行力问题的角度,提出建立标准化安全管理流程和权、责、利对等的责任机制对整个安全管理系统的重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 In many excellent safety performance of oil and chemical international companies, such as, BP, Shell, DuPont, the safety management system is technically divided into two aspects, the behavior safety and the process safety. Behavior safety, is the safety performance and safety action of the employee. The importance of safety behavior management is to establish the safety behavior, to raise the safety quality of the staff and reduce the accident rate, and gradually enhance the corporation safety culture.In this paper, the project "promoting the development and implementation of HSE Management System", in which China National Petroleum Corporation in cooperation with DuPont, as background, behavior security management tools as researching object, the critical task of drilling operation and the daily employee safety performance are discussed respectively as how to implement the behavior security management.(1) Main line of mission-critical operations at the scene, the use of Job Safety Analysis (JSA), decomposition of job steps to identify possible hazards in operating procedures and determine the control measures; in safety critical tasks based on the analysis, preparation of key mission standard operating procedures (SOP), through the job cycle check (JCC) verify the applicability of operating procedures and the degree of compliance by employees, thereby strengthening the staff of the implementation of security measures to control the normal operation of the risk. With work permits (PTW) system, through the implementation of operational responsibility to double confirm and approver operating procedures to control the deviation from the risk of non-conventional operations, to make up for lack of operating procedures.(2) Daily for the safety performance of employees, the use of observation and communication security (STOP) to pay attention to and correct the unsafe behavior of employees as operating procedures (SOP), working permit (PTW) to add. By observing the data analysis to identify the common problems of management levels, provide the basis for security decisions for management, block management loopholes and reduce unsafe behaviors, thereby reducing the production safety accidents.This article discusses the relationships between JSA, SOP, JCC, PTW, STOP, the application scope of the five tools, their implementation steps, common errors and from the perspective of how to solve the execution problem proposes the establishment of standardized safety management processes and the importance of the balanced rights, responsibilities and interests to the whole safety management systems. In the end through the statistics between the experimental and non-experimental units, this paper summarizes the effect of implementing operation field behavior safety management.更多还原