【作者】 刘飞；

【导师】 李俊锋；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 应用化学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随石油的日益枯竭，寻找可代替能源势在必行。页岩油因其储量巨大，成为近年来很多学者首推的替代能源。页岩油是对油页岩进行高温干馏后得到的有机质混合物，性质和石油十分类似，所含元素除C、H外还有硫、氮、氧和微量金属元素。页岩油中杂原子化合物（含氮化合物，含硫化合物以及含氧化合物）通过燃烧会变成硫氧化物和氮氧化物等大气污染物。因此必须除去杂原子化合物。本文第二章对页岩油进行减压蒸馏获得了轻质液体馏分。减压蒸馏后收取常温（20℃）为液态的馏分，通过TGA和GC-MS的检测得知其馏程和烃类组成类似于柴油。利用杂质化合物区别于烃类成分的特征（高极性、酸性或者碱性），通过DMF萃取、碱洗和酸洗三步精制手段分别除掉页岩油新蒸馏馏分中的高极性成分、酸性成分和碱性成分等杂质化合物。通过红外吸收和GC-MS检测得知精制后页岩油中的杂原子化合物含量减少，页岩油中的有效烃类成分（烷烃和烯烃）含量相应提高，通过元素分析得知精制后含氮化合物被完全脱除，含硫化合物的含量也大大减少。鉴于次氯酸氧化能力较强，本文第三章提出用NaClO/H₂SO₄氧化体系对精制时无法除掉的噻吩类含硫化合物进行氧化脱硫。用噻吩质量含量为1%的正辛烷溶液模拟含硫油品，对模拟油中噻吩进行氧化实验，考察了各种因素对反应体系的氧化能力的影响，得到最佳的氧化条件为：在常温条件下，硫酸和次氯酸钠以及噻吩的用量摩尔比分别为6：3：1，将模拟油放入摇床中反应15分钟后体系氧化99.99%的噻吩，噻吩含量从0.738%降至12ppm。应用NaClO/H₂SO₄氧化体系于页岩油类柴油馏分中进行深度氧化脱硫，通过元素分析得知其硫含量从0.059%降低至15ppm，达到国家对柴油燃料的含硫标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the storage of petroleum decreases increasingly. It is necessary to search theliquid substitute of the petroleum. The storage of shale oil is extremely huge and itgradually turns to be the chief substitute. Shale oil is the organic mixture generatedfrom oil shale by carbonizing in high temperature, the characters are familiar to thepetroleum, the elements in it are various, except carbon and hydrogen, the restelements are sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and some kinds of metal elements. If we do noteliminate the contaminating elements from the shale oil, the consumed products willbe the nitrogen-oxide and sulfur-oxide which are the atmospheric contaminations, wehave to diminish contaminating compounds.In chapter2, we obtained the light oil from the vacuum distillation. Collect theliquid distillation in normal temperature（20℃）, The general characteristics of it weresimilar to the diesel oil via the tests of TGA and GC-MS. Because the contaminatingcompounds exhibit the characteristics of polarity, acidity and alkalescence, whereasthe effective components exhibit not. The method of diminishing the contaminatingcompounds was executed with the procedures of extraction with DMF, acid washingand alkali washing just in order to diminish the polarity component, the aciditycomponent and the alkalescence component. After the work, the infrared spectrometryand GC-MS showed that the amount of the contaminating compounds decreasedgreatly and the amount of the effective component rised comparatively. The elementalanalysis shows that the nitrogen compounds were removed completely and the sulfurcompounds were removed mostly.Based on the good oxidation performance of hypochlorous acid, in chapter3, theNaClO/H₂SO₄oxidation system was carried out in desulfurization of thiophene whichcould not be removed in refining. The n-octane with1wt%thiophene was prepared asthe simulated oil. We took many factors in consideration in the oxidation of thiophenein simulated oil, we concluded the optimal condition: in the normal temperature, themolar ratio of H₂SO₄, NaClO and thiophene was6:3:1, the reaction time was15min， 99.99%of thiophene was oxided, the content of thiophene was decreased from0.738%to12ppm. Took the NaClO/H₂SO₄oxidation system in application indesulfurization of diesel-component of shale oil, the elemental analysis showed thatthe sulfur content was decreased from0.059%to15ppm, the sulfur content was belowthe sulfur standard of national diesel.更多还原