【作者】 张媛媛；

【导师】 伍雅清；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 自20世纪60年代以来,汉语中的话题与话题结构一直是语言学界长期关注的问题之一。Li & Thompson (1976)从语言类型学的角度把汉语归为话题显著型语言,汉语中存在大量的话题结构。现有的研究文献从结构,功能以及形式等各个不同的角度探讨了这一问题。本文简要评述了黄正德(1982,1984), Xu & Langendoen (1985),石定栩(1992),以及潘海华和胡建华(2001,2002)等语言学家关于汉语中话题与话题结构的研究。为了全面地分析汉语中的话题及话题结构,本文主要提出了三个研究问题:1)邻接条件能否作为话题结构生成方式的判断标准?2)关系化测试怎样辨别话题结构的生成方式?3)话题结构移位生成及基础生成的原理分别是什么?针对以上三个研究问题,本文提出了三个假设:第一个假设是关于邻接条件能否作为话题结构生成方式的判断标准。根据话题结构移位生成说及基础生成说的对比研究,我们发现这一判断标准存在争议,因此它不能作为判断话题结构生成方式的标准。第二个假设关渉的是关系化的测试方法。根据李艳惠(2002,2003)的观察,汉语中话题化与关系化呈不完全对称现象。部分话题句可以关系化,如话题化结构及左偏置结构,像英语中的话题句一样,我们提出这些话题句为移位生成。而部分话题句不能关系化,我们假设这些话题句为基础生成。关系化测试可以很好地区分汉语话题结构的两种生成方式。第三个假设是关于汉语话题结构的移位生成及基础生成的原理。对于移位生成的话题句,我们采用乔姆斯基(1998,1999)提出的最简方案,移动的驱动力是特征核查,决定移动的是特征的强弱。话题移位的激发机制来源于移位成分不可解释的[-Top]特征,移位以连续循环的方式进行直至最后将此特征核查删除。Kayne (1994)的线性对应准则为句子的语音拼读提供理论支撑。线性对应准则决定拼读时复制成分的删除模式,所有除了句首位置的话题复本删除后生成典型的话题化结构;在此基础上,如果最低位置的话题成分拼读为复指代词,就形成左偏置结构。至于基础生成的话题句,也就是所谓的汉语式话题句,我们认为汉语式话题由话题功能范畴引进,实际上就是由话题选择的论元,功能范畴Top的意义为“有关”,所以话题与述题的关系一般都建立在“有关”基础之上。通过对关系化测试以及话题结构的生成研究,我们可以对汉语中的话题和话题结构做出更系统合理的解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1960s, the topic and topic construction in Mandarin Chinese have been the focus in linguistic research. Li & Thompson (1976) identify Chinese as a topic-prominent language according to linguistic typology. There exist a variety of topic constructions in Mandarin Chinese. More and more linguists delve into this topic, accounting for the property of topics and the derivation of topic construction from different perspectives. We currently focus on the research done by Huang (1982, 1984), Xu & Langendoen (1985), Shi (1992), and Pan & Hu (2001, 2002).In order to systematically analyze the topic and topic construction in Mandarin Chinese, this thesis mainly puts forward the following three research questions: (a) Whether Subjacency Condition can be regarded as the standard to judge the derivation of topic construction? (b) How does the relativization test identify the distinct derivation of topic constructions? (c) What are the detail derivation operations of topic constructions in Mandarin Chinese?In view of the above three research questions, this thesis proposes three hypotheses: the first assumption is concerned about Subjacency Condition. Based on the contrastive research on movement and base-generation of topic constructions, we find that Subjacency Condition as the standard is controversial, and thus we propose that Subjacency Condition cannot be regarded as the standard to judge the derivation of topic construction.The second hypothesis concentrates on the relativization test. According to Li’s (2002, 2003) observation, topicalization and relativization are not completely in one to one correspondence with each other in Mandarin Chinese. Some topic constructions can be relativized, such as topicalization and left-dislocation, we suppose that they are derived by movement. While the other topic constructions can not be relativized, we assume that they are base-generated. The relativization test can identify the distinct derivation of topic constructions in Mandarin Chinese.The third proposal concerns the movement and base-generation of topic constructions in Mandarin Chinese. As for the topic construction derived by movement, we follow Chomsky (1998, 1999); the driving force of movement is feature-checking. The stimulating mechanism of topic movement mainly comes from the uninterpreted feature [-Top] of movement constituent. Kayne’s (1994) Linear Correspondence Axiom (LCA) decides the copies-deletion in Spell-out. Topicalization would be generated through deletion of all copies except for the sentence-initial one. With these operations as the basis, when the lowest copy has a resumptive pronoun spell-out, left-dislocation would be derived. As for the“Chinese-style”topic construction, we suggest that“Chinese-style”topic could be introduced by the functional category Top, and it is actually the argument chosen by Top. Because the significance of the functional category Top is“aboutness”, the relationship between topic and comment can only be based on“aboutness”.Through the research on the relativization test and the derivation of topic construction, we can provide more systematic and reasonable explanations in the topic and topic construction in Mandarin Chinese.更多还原