基于STM32的电梯呼梯控制器的设计与实现

【作者】 邓斌；

【导师】 秦开宇； 罗晓利；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 软件工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 自1887年美国奥的斯公司制造出世界上第一台电梯以来,电梯控制技术先后经历了继电器控制、PLC控制、微机控制阶段、现场总线控制阶段。与其它几种现场总线比较而言,CAN总线是最易实现,价格最为低廉的一种,在众多领域被广泛采用。本文设计的电梯呼梯控制器主要包括轿厢控制器和外召控制器采用集成了CAN总线控制器的STM32微处理器。STM32处理器是意法半导体最新推出的基于ARM公司Cortex-M3架构的嵌入式微处理器,具有高集成度、高可靠性、高速、低成本、低功耗的优点,在工业控制领域得到了广泛地应用,尤其适合于电梯控制系统的应用。基于CAN总线的串行通信方式实现了主控制器与轿厢控制器、外招控制器之间的内选、呼梯、登记、显示、应答等信号的沟通,使整个控制系统的控制信号线数从数百根减少到几根,极大地方便了电梯的安装和维修,提高了电梯的运行效率和服务质量,增强了电梯运行的实时性,并为进一步实现多台电梯群控、远程监控、楼宇自动化提供便利接口,具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了电梯控制系统的总体结构,接着分别介绍了轿厢控制器和外召控制器的硬件开发目标、基本功能,并给出其硬件的详细设计方法。采用STM32处理器作为呼梯控制器的核心,CAN总线为串行通信方式,并对其中的重点电路:STM32核心电路、信号输入输出电路、按键和指示灯电路、CAN驱动电路、LED点阵电路等进行了详细地描述。然后再分别介绍了轿厢控制器和外召控制器的软件设计流程和主要的功能设计。呼梯控制器的软件基于STM32的标准库编写。使用标准库函数编程屏蔽了操作大量寄存器的复杂性,增强了程序的可读性、复用性和可靠性,加速了开发过程,明显降低了开发成本和维护成本。最后,本项目在一个根据实际电梯大小按比例缩小的电梯模型上进行了测试,该模型具有接近实际电梯系统的基本功能模块。测试结果表明轿厢控制器和外召控制器的硬件设计和软件功能设计满足设计要求,且工作稳定可靠。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the world’s first elevator was made by Otis America Corporation in 1887, the elevator control technology was developed from relay control to PLC control, microcontroller control and field bus control. Compared with orther field buses, CAN bus is the cheapest and the most easily to realize. It is abroadly used in many domains.This paper discusses a design method of elevator calling system, which bases on STM32 microprocessor that integrates CAN bus controller. The calling system includes outside call controller and inside call controller. The STM32 microprocessor which bases on ARM’s Cortex-M3 architecture was announced by STMicroelectronics Company recently, the chip has many advantages, such as high integration, high reliability, high speed, low cost and low power consumption, and so on. So it is widely used in industry control domain, especially suitable for elevator control system applications. The serial communication method based on CAN bus realizes the contact signal of inside choosing, calling, register, answer and displaying between Main Controller, Inside Call Controller and Outside Call Controller. This method reduces the whole system’s control signal lines number from hundreds to sereral. It makes the elevator’s installation and maintenance easier, enhances the elevator’s operating efficiency and the quality of services, streangthens the timely control of elevator movement, and offers the convenience connection to futher functions of group elevator control, the remote monitoring and the building automation. It has wide application prospect.The paper first introduces the hold structure of the elevator control system, and then introduces the aim and basic function of hardware design of inside calling controller and outside calling controller respectively. It also gives the detail of hardware design, which adopts STM32 microprocessor as its core processor, and uses CAN bus as serial communication method. It describes the important electronic circuit in detail, such as the core circuit of STM32, signal input and output circuit, key and LED circuit, CAN drive circuit, LED matrix circuit, and so on. In the following four chapters, the paper also introduces the software design, which bases on STM32 standard libraries. The programming which uses standard libraries eliminate the complexity of operating so many registers, so making the programme more readable, reuseable and stable, accelerating the process of development cycle, and reducing the development and maintainence cost obviously.In the end, the project was tested in an elevator model which shrinking by certain scale of real elevator. The model has basic module approaching to real elevator systems. The design of inside calling controller and outside calling controller was shown satisfying the demand and working stably by the test result.更多还原