【作者】 周虹；

【导师】 刘振宇； 程锦；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 高速列车是典型的复杂机械系统。动力学分析与仿真是研制高速列车的关键,其影响车辆运行的安全性和舒适度,也关系到列车运行速度是否能提高。动力学模型的构建是高速列车系统动力学分析与仿真的关键技术。目前,针对复杂产品建立动力学模型的方法主要是由用户抽象出所研究的对象在动力学分析专业软件自带的模块中进行构建,或者将设计几何模型通过专业接口或中间格式导入动力学分析专业软件,然后交互定义多体动力学参数以及运动副等信息。手工交互构建动力学模型的方法耗时、容易出错。本文针对上述问题,研究了设计几何模型至多体动力学模型的转换关键技术,并且使用CAA二次开发技术在CATIA系统中进行了相关功能模块的开发,以提高构建多体动力学模型的效率。第一章首先综述了设计几何模型至多体动力学模型转换涉及的关键技术与国内外研究现状,包括设计几何模型中进行多体动力学参数的提取、抽象简化模型的构建、装配约束信息的重用以及定义由弹簧、阻尼等构成的悬挂系统信息。讨论了上述技术目前存在的问题,给出了课题来源与研究内容,并介绍了本文的内容安排。第二章提出了基于属性邻接图的多体动力学参数提取方法,以达到快速获取多体动力学参数的目的。对于依附于零部件实体的多体动力学参数,通过与预先设定的模板实体进行相似度比较来获取实体,然后对实体的属性参数进行提取。对于依附于几何特征的多体动力学参数,预先对模板模型中参数依附的特定几何特征进行标记,若载入实体与模板模型结构一致则直接获取对应标记几何特征的位置,然后进一步计算获得参数,提高获取多体力学参数的效率。第三章研究了面向动力学模型的高速列车实体抽象简化模型构建技术。对高速列车模型的主要结构进行抽象简化,构建简化模型库,通过选择对应的简化模型合并成装配体,将设计几何模型的主要结构尺寸参数及位姿映射至简化模型装配体,保持简化模型与设计几何模型在尺寸及位姿的一致。第四章研究了基于约束度的多体动力学模型机构信息识别与提取方法。给出了平移和旋转约束度的运算规则,通过分析CATIA系统中各种装配约束及其相对应的几何元素与运动约束度的映射关系,以及运动副与运动约束度及几何元素的映射关系,实现从装配约束信息到运动副约束信息的转换。对由弹簧、阻尼构成的悬挂系统在动力学模型中的表达进行了定义,定义内容包括弹簧、阻尼的属性及标志点等,以便在动力学分析中使用。第五章介绍了高速列车数字化仿真平台中多体动力学接口模块的开发及实现,使用CAA二次开发技术在CATIA系统中进行多体动力学参数和主要结构尺寸参数的提取、设计模型的简化、简化模型几何信息的获取、提取装配约束信息、将装配约束信息进行重用转换为运动副信息、定义悬挂系统信息。通过集成以上数据信息,可以实现动力学模型的快速重建,提高动力学模型构建效率,为后续的动力学仿真分析提供基础。第六章总结了本文的研究成果,并对今后的研究工作进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The high-speed train is a typical complex mechanical system. Dynamic analysis and simulation is the key of the development of high-speed train. It affects the vehicle running safety and comfort, and also relates to the improvement of speed. Dynamic model’s construction is a key technology for dynamic analysis and simulation of high-speed train system. At present, the main methods to construct dynamic model are through dynamic analysis professional software’s design template or through the conversion from geometric model with specialized interfaces or intermediate format, then interactively define the multi-body dynamic parameters, kinematic pair information, force information, etc. These manual interactive methods are time-consuming and error-prone. Combining with the project this paper studies the key technologies of conversion between design geometric model and multi-body dynamic model, and develops related function modules in the CATIA system with CAA secondary development to improve the efficiency of constructing the multi-body dynamic model.The first chapter summarizes the key technologies on the research of the conversion between design geometric model and the dynamic model and reviews the research status from domestic and abroad. The key technologies involve to obtain multi-body dynamic parameters from geometric model, to construct abstract simplified model and to reuse assembly constraints information. For high-speed train, it is also related to the suspension system’s definition in the dynamic model. The chapter also discusses the existing problems about the technologies, gives topic source and the research content, and describes the arrangement of the contents of this article.The second chapter is put forward a method to obtain multi-body dynamics parameters based on the attribute adjacency graph, in order to achieve the purpose of dynamic parameters quickly. For the parameters attached to the entity, search the higher similar model with template model to gain the parameters. For the parameters attached to the geometric features, look for the geometrical characteristics of the mark, thus through further calculation to get parameters.The third chapter researches the construction of high-speed train simplified model of abstract entity for the dynamic model. According to the structure make the decomposition of high speed train, to simplify each one of the main structure. Combine the simplified model into assembly model, and map the sizes and poses of design geometric model’s main components to the simplified assembly model.The fourth chapter presents the reuse method of mechanical products assembly model’s constraints information for the dynamics analysis. Through the analysis of assembly information and the corresponding geometric elements with constraint degrees, according to the mapping relationship of kinematic pair and constraint degree and geometrical element, realize the conversion from assembly constraints to kinematic pair information. For the suspension system, to interactive define the markers and the properties of the springs and dampers.The fifth chapter presents the development and realization of the high-speed train digital simulation platform multi-body dynamics interface’s related function modules. Using the CAA secondary development technology in CATIA system to obtain multi-body dynamics parameters, the key geometry sizes and simplify the design geometric model, get the assembly constraints information, convert the assembly constraints to kinematic pair information, define the suspension system information. Through the integrated data above information, the dynamic model of rapid reconstruction can be realized, to provide the foundation for subsequent dynamic simulation analysis.The sixth chapter summarizes achievements of this dissertation, and discusses the area which needs to be improved and further research.更多还原