【作者】 陈刚；

【导师】 李向彬；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 21世纪是知识经济时代,迅猛发展的高新技术极大地冲击了人们的生活方式和思维观念,并且改变着国际政治、经济关系,进而影响到了世界格局的变化。国家之间的抗衡已经由资本竞争转向技术竞争,而技术竞争首先体现在抢先开发并取得高新技术所有权的垄断,即专利竞争。可以说专利制度充分体现了一个国家对个人利益、社会利益和国家利益的均衡评定与综合考量,为了确保本国经济和科技在世界竞争中处于领先地位,发达国家纷纷调整了本国的专利制度和政策,不断加强知识产权的保护力度,以达到经济扩张的目的。传统商业方法是被排除在专利保护之外的,但科技的发展使得商业活动突破了时间和地域的限制,实现了传统商业方法和计算机、网络技术的结合,人类由此进入了一个全新的电子商务时代。由于电子商务蕴涵着巨大的商业利润和广阔的市场前景,对商业方法授予专利就成了发达国家迫不及待的要求。1998年,随着州街银行案(State Street Bank & Trust)的判决,美国首开商业方法专利保护之先河。从此,世界上许多国家都积极调整自己的专利政策,纷纷将商业方法纳入专利保护的范围。这对于我国来说,既是机遇,也是挑战。如何抓住机遇,应对挑战,从而使我国立于世界民族之林而不败,这是我们入世之后必须要面对的问题。基于上述考虑,本文对此进行了思考和研究。全文共分引言、正文、结语三个部分。在引言部分提出本文的研究主题、研究意义和国内外的研究现状。正文部分共分四章。第一章概述了商业方法专利问题。分析了电子商务、传统商业方法、电子商务商业方法的概念。界定了商业方法专利的概念,分析了商业方法专利的特征、分类,辨析了几个易混淆的概念。第二章介绍商业方法专利出现的历史。从商业方法除外原则到商业方法专利客体地位的确立,在美国经历了一百多年,这个转变充分体现了美国对国家利益的考量。接着分析了商业方法专利的发展,通过对比美、日、欧三国对商业方法专利的态度,得出对我国的启示:一是商业方法专利已是大势所趋,二是利益是授予商业方法专利的深层原因,三是我们应对挑战要有所作为。第三章探讨了商业方法专利的必要性、正当性和实质条件。从分析商业秘密和著作权在保护商业方法方面的局限性入手,得出对商业方法进行专利保护是历史必然选择的结论;然后分别从法哲学和经济学的角度分析了商业方法专利的正当性;最后分析了商业方法专利的实质条件:新颖性、创造性、实用性。第四章分析了我国的现行法规,指出我国法律虽然没有明确商业方法可以专利,却也没有明确禁止,商业方法在我国得到专利保护具有可能性,这种谨慎的态度正是出于国家利益的考量,体现出我国的立法技巧。在分析了我国在商业方法专利保护方面的矛盾后,提出自己的建议。结语部分,回顾全文,作出总结。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 21^st century is the knowledge-economy times which rushes into the normal life style and the thinks with the rapid developing high-techs and changes the international politics and the economies that shapes the world perspective. And the battle between the nations has come into the techs from the capital, which means the monopolization of the creation and the ownership of the high-techs which is called the patent competition.So the system of the patents shows equal valuation and the demonstration of the individual and social or national benefits by the country. So the developed countries adjusted the national systems and polices of patents one after another in order to dominate the top of the patent competition and continually strengthen the protections to expand their economies.The traditional merchant methods has excluded form the patent protections. However, the development of the high-techs had broken the limit of the time and space to realize the combination of the merchant methods and the IT that the human beings enter into the brand-new epoch of the e-business. As the potent magnitude of the merchant benefits and the brilliant markets, the forcing demands had put forward by the developed countries in the endowment of the patent.In 1998, as the decision of the State Street Bank & Trust, the U.S. firstly established the protection of the merchant methods. Therefore, there are many counties changed their policies of the patents and took the merchant protection into the area. So that is the challenge and the chance for China that would be the winner in the battles and the problems that should faced after the WTO entrance.As the facts above, this paper would divide into three parts as the introduction, the contexts and the conclusion to give the topics, the meanings and the summary around the world.The whole text is the following four parts:Part one is the introduction of the merchant methods to analyze the concepts of the e-business, the traditional methods, and the e-business merchant and to define the merchant methods with the characters, the classifications and the confused key words.Part two is the history of the merchant methods. As the establishment of the exclusion principle of the patent objects in the U.S. a hundred years ago, the transformation embodied the consideration of the national benefits. And the analysis of the development of the merchant methods by the U.S, Japan and EU showed that the trends of the patent of merchant methods and the radical reasons of the endowment and the movements for China.Part three is the discussion about the necessity and the legality of the merchant methods. To analyze the limits of the protection in the merchant secrets and the literature which conclude the unique choice for the protection of the merchant methods. Then legality has demonstrated from the legal philosophy and the economy that is the following essences: novelty, creation and the practicability.Part four is the analysis about the current regulations shows that our law has not certain way to prohibit the merchant methods that is possible to give the patent protections as the prudent attitude for the national benefits as the legislative techs. And the author’s suggestions put forward after the analysis of the contradictions in Chinese merchant methods patent protections.And the end of the reviews and conclusions更多还原