【作者】 张娜娜；

【导师】 孔庆华；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 威廉·福克纳是20世纪的一位伟大作家,取得了巨大的文学成就。他的作品涉及许多主题,其中成长是非常重要的一个方面。成长是人类生活中普遍存在的文化现象。青少年时期是每个人成长不可回避的关键阶段,每个时代的年轻人面临着不同的成长问题,所以成长是一个充满新意与活力的永恒的文学主题。国内外文学评论界对福克纳成长小说的研究主要集中于某一部小说,缺乏对其作品的综合性研究。他的许多作品都描写了成长主题,如《喧哗与骚动》、《我弥留之际》、《去吧,摩西》、《掠夺者》、《坟墓里的闯入者》等。本文以莫迪凯·马科斯关于成长的理论为指导,从成长小说的角度对这五部作品进行分析,从而揭示作者探索成长问题的意义所在。论文从福克纳成长小说的分类特征、文化内涵及其创作的独到之处进行文本分析。引言部分介绍国内外福克纳成长小说的研究现状。第一章介绍成长小说的起源与定义,在美国的发展及在文学史中的重要地位。第二章分析福克纳成长小说的类型和特征。根据马科斯的理论,福克纳的成长小说可分为三类：主人公或者获得尝试性经验；或者未完全成熟,只是被引入成熟的门槛；或者跨入成熟之门。这些小说符合成长小说的特征：人物历经磨难后得以成长；结构遵循了成长小说的模式。第三章是对福克纳成长小说文化的解析,主要分析引路人及与成长相关的种族问题。引路人分为四种：正面引路人、反面引路人、自然神灵,以及缺失的引路人。主人公在成长的道路上不仅要受到不同的引路人的影响,还要接受社会习俗带来的考验。第四章分析福克纳成长小说的独到之处。他把意识流手法植入白痴的头脑中,塑造了代表无可救药的旧南方的班吉和瓦达曼这类形象。另一类少年艾克、契克和卢修斯则像成人般坚毅,其成长意味着南方人思想观念的发展变化。对两类青少年的描写是作家创作思想渐趋成熟的表现；同时,福克纳的成长小说对后世文学创作产生了深远的影响。成长是每个人必经的生命历程,正是在历经痛苦与磨难的过程中,人的身心逐渐发展成熟。个人的迷惘、领路人的影响,以及南方特殊的种族关系都使青少年的成长异常艰难。通过描写成长小说,福克纳暗示人们在成长过程中应该逐渐抛弃狭隘与偏见,成为一个有自主意识的个体,从而完成从自然人到社会人的转变。他的成长小说也反映了他对人类成长和未来发展的积极态度。更多还原

【Abstract】 William Faulkner, as one of the world’s greatest novelists in the 20th century has made huge literary achievements. Both in novels and short stories, he covers many subjects, among which initiation is of great importance. Initiation is a ubiquitous cultural phenomenon in human life. Adolescence is an unavoidable period in one’s initiation process while adolescents in different periods are puzzled by different issues. Therefore, initiation is one of the everlasting literary subjects full of novelty and vitality.In literary criticism at home and abroad, research on Faulkner’s initiation subject mainly focuses on a certain novel; holistic approach is needed. Most of his works touch the subject of initiation, such as The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, Go Down, Moses, The Reivers, and Intruder in the Dust. This thesis, guided by Mordecai Marcus’initiation theory, analyzes these novels from the perspective of initiation stories, and reveals the significances of the author’s initiation subjects.This thesis carries out a textual analysis of Faulkner’s initiation stories from three aspects:the classification and characteristics, cultural connotation, and his originality in creation.The introduction is about the research on Faulkner’s initiation stories at home and abroad.Chapter One introduces the origin and the definition of initiation stories, and the developments in America and significance in literature.Chapter Two analyzes the classification and characteristics of initiation stories. According to Marcus’theory, Faulkner’s initiation stories can be divided into three kinds: the protagonist gets tentative experience; or the protagonist is not mature completely, just led to the threshold of maturity; or the protagonist takes a crucial step to the threshold of maturity. These novels are in accordance with the features of initiation stories:the characters get initiated at last after ordeals and trials; in structure, he follows the model of initiation stories.Chapter Three views Faulkner’s novels from cultural perspective:guides and racial problems related to initiation. There are four kinds of guides:positive guides, negative guides, natural guides, and absence of a guide. In the course of initiation, the protagonist is to be influenced by different guides, and should suffer from the test of social custom.Chapter Four is about the originality of the author’s initiation stories. He embeds the technique of stream-of-consciousness in idiots’ mind, and portrays Benjy and Vadaman, who represent the hopeless South. Another kind of adolescents such as Ike, Chick and Lucius act as sturdy as an adult; their initiation means the development of southerners’ mental station. Descriptions of the two kinds of adolescents show that the author is getting more and more mature in his creative thoughts; meanwhile, Faulkner’s initiation stories have a profound influence on the following generations’ literature creation.Initiation is the indispensable experience to everyone. It is through pains and sufferings that one gets psychological and spiritual initiation into maturity. Personal confusion, guide’s influence, and peculiar racial issue in the South make it hard for adolescents to get initiated. By describing initiation stories, Faulkner implies that one should gradually discard narrowness and prejudice in his initiation process so as to become a man with independent consciousness and finish the change from a natural person to a social man. His initiation stories also reflect his positive attitude toward the initiation and future development of mankind.更多还原