【作者】 刘晓明；

【导师】 苏忠民；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 人参,五加科人参属,多年生草本植物。多生长于昼夜温差小的海拔500～1100米山地缓坡或斜坡地的针阔混交林或杂木林中,目前大致分布在北纬40°～48°,东经117°～134°范围内的山林地带。人参生长对水、肥、气、热,以及土壤条件要求相当严格。目前我国长白山区的传统人参栽培模式在抚松地区为二三制(即播种二年后起栽、再换新参地栽培三年,第五年起货)、三三制(即播种三年后起栽、再换新参地栽培三年,第六年起货),以及在通化集安地区采用二二二制、二三二制。人参种植一直面临参林争地,土地重复使用等问题,如何解决好人参种植中普遍存在干旱缺水、施用化肥效益下降等问题,是提高人参产量以及改善人参品质的重要科研课题。因此本论文针对上述问题,开展人参有机复合肥化学改性研究,并考察了其对人参生长的影响,主要研究内容包括以下几个方面:1.以淀粉为原料,以丙烯酸为单体,复合贝壳粉及沸石粉合成人参专用淀粉基强吸水材料,并系统研究了不同中和度、反应温度、粒径大小及引发剂用量等因素对淀粉基强吸水材料吸水性能的影响规律。其最高吸去离子水倍率为712g/g。2.探讨人参专用有机淀粉基强吸水材料在土壤中对氮、磷、钾肥料吸附及解吸作用。结果表明:土壤中添加淀粉基强吸水材料之后,提高了土壤对氮和钾的吸附、固定及解吸能力。同时减弱了土壤对磷的固定作用,使磷的利用率提高60%。3.根据人参生物学特性,以淀粉基强吸水材料为基础,将酸化骨粉、腐植酸、发酵鹿粪及接入人参活性生物菌的椴树锯末等原料有机复合,研制出具有保水、缓释功效的人参有机复合肥。淀粉基强吸水材料的三维空间网络结构能将有机质和营养元素包裹起来,在人参生长中缓慢释放,达到减少有机质和营养元素的流失与挥发的目的。4.考察人参有机复合肥对人参生长的影响,并在抚松、集安等地进行示范研究。结果证明:人参有机复合肥能起到保水抗旱、控温保墒,保肥缓释的作用,大大减少了肥药的流失与挥发,同时调节了土壤的理化性状,增加土壤的团粒结构,改善人参生长土壤环境,增强人参抗逆性,单位面积人参增产35%以上,商品参提高0.5~1个等级。更多还原

【Abstract】 Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. is a kind of perennial plant belonging to Araliaceae. It mostly exists in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest as well as broadleaved forest at 500 to 1100 meters above sea level with a small temperature difference between day and night. Presently, ginseng largely distributed in the forest zone during latitude 40?~48? and longitude 117?~134?. Ginseng growth is very strict with the water, fertilizer, gas, heat, and soil conditions. Traditional ginseng cultivation models include the two-three system in Chinese Fusong region (ie, transplanting the two-year ginseng to a new ginseng planting field and contintue to cultivitate for three years, harvesting in the fifth year), three -three system (ie, transplanting the three-year ginseng to a new ginseng planting field and contintue to cultivitate for three years, harvesting in the sixth year), two-two-two and two -three-two in Tonghua area. Drought, decline of fertilizer efficiency and other issues is ubiquitous in ginseng cultivation and the quality of ginseng will be undermined. Therefore, this paper discussed the chemical modification of ginseng organic complex fertilizer, and its effect on the growth of ginseng was also studied. Our work has been focus on the following four aspects:1. Ginseng special starch-based super absorbent resin was synthesized with starch, acrylic monomers, composite shell powder and synthetic zeolite powder. The relationship between PH value, reaction temperature, particle size and initiator dosage and the absorbent performance was systematicly investigated and the impact law was summarized. The highest absorption rate of deionized water is 712g / g.2. The water holding ability of ginseng special super-absorbent resin in soil and the influence on nitrogen, phosphor and potassium have been discussed. It is testified that the use of super-absorbent resin enhances the ability of soil absorbing, fixing and releasing nitrogen and potassium. At the same time, the use of super-absorbent resin increases the utilization rate of phosphor by 60% , by means of reducing the fixed phosphor in soil.3. According to the biological characteristics of ginseng, based on the super-absorbent resin, the ginseng organic complex fertilizer was prepared with the addition of acidification bone meal, humic acid, fermented deer droppings and sawdust of linden tree containing biologically ginseng active bacteria by organic composite method. It shows active water conservation and delayed release effects. Three-dimensional network structure of super-absorbent resin can encapsulate organic matter and nutrients, slowly relase the nutrients during the ginseng growing period. 4. The ginseng organic complex fertilizer on the growth of ginseng was systematically investigated. The demonstration study in Fu Song and Ji An area verified that ginseng organic complex fertilizer can play an important role in drought-resistant, moisture-conserving, and delayed release fertilizer. It also can greatly reduce the volafilization and running off of nutrients, while regulating the physical and chemical properties of soil, increasing soil aggregate structure, improving the soil environment for ginseng growth, and strengthening the ginseng resistance. Ginseng production per unit area increases by more than 10% and ginseng goods increases by 0.5 ~ 1 reference level.更多还原