【作者】 李玉斌；

【导师】 冯流； 刘征涛；

【作者基本信息】 北京化工大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 太湖作为我国第二大淡水湖,位于江苏、浙江两省交界处,是十分重要的水上交通要道。近年来,受沿岸工农业发展及人类活动的影响,太湖污染状况日益严重。本研究以太湖(31°00’～31°30’N,120°00’～120°25’E)区域为研究对象,通过对太湖区域内2010年8月采集的部分水样及表层沉积物样品进行分析,对太湖沉积物中的有机污染物进行了研究和分析,并参照有关评价方法对检测出的污染物进行生态风险评价。主要结论有：1.在太湖水样中共检出有机污染物4类10种,包括：萘、2-甲基萘、菲、芴、荧蒽、芘、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、二苯并呋喃,其分布呈现明显的地域性。除2,4-二硝基甲苯外,其余污染物均未超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)。采用欧盟风险评价技术指南(TGD)中的商值法对太湖水体进行风险表征,通过效应评价外推对太湖水体中有机污染物进行风险评价。结果显示,太湖水体中,单一污染物除菲存在一定风险以外,均未对环境造成威胁。另外,荧葸、芘及二本呋喃只在个别点位具有轻微程度的生态风险。2.太湖沉积物中检出有机污染物共6类23种,具体为多环芳烃类12种,酯类有5种,取代芳烃有2种,酚类有2种,呋喃和酮类各1种。其分布情况与水体中分布情况类似,呈现出明显的地域性。采用mSQG-Q法及物种敏感性分布法对太湖表层沉积物中多环芳烃类污染物进行生态风险评价,评价结果基本一致。结果显示,太湖总体不存在严重的生态风险,局部点位芴、菲可能具有一定的生态风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 As China’s second largest freshwater lake,Taihu lake located at the junction between Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. It play an important role in water traffic. In recent years, affected by coastal agricultural and industrial development and the impact of human activities, pollution situation of Taihu Lake becomes worse day after day. As the research object in this paper about lake region (31°00’～31°30’N,120°00’～120°25’E), we had analyzed for organic pollutants in water and surface sediments samples which were collected from Taihu Lake and done ecological risk assessment with reference to the relevant evaluation method.The main conclusions are:1. There are 10 kinds of organic pollutants detected in water samples of Taihu Lake, including:Naphthalene,2-Methyl naphthalene,Phenanthrene, Fluorene, Fluoranthene, Pyrene, Dimethyl phthalate, Dinbutyl phthalate, Dibenzofuran, their distribution are obviously regional.In addition to 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, the other pollutants did not exceed the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard"(GB3838-2002).The risk assessment of organic pollutants in water samples from Taihu Lake were evaluated by using quotient method and the effect of extrapolation discribed in EU risk assessment guidelines(TGD). The results showed that pollutants in water did no threat to the environment except Phenanthrene. In addition, Fluoranthene, Pyrene and Dibenzofuran have slight ecological risk.2.6 classes 23 species organic pollutants in sediments of Taihu Lake were reported:PHAs(12), Esters(5), Substituted Aromatic Compounds(2), Phenols(2), Furans(1) and Ketones(1). The distribution of these compounds in sediments are similar in water showing significantly regional. With mSQG-Q and species sensitivity distribution method for ecological risk assessment about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Taihu Lake, evaluation results are basically consistent. It is showed that serious ecological risk does not exist in Taihu lake. Fluorine and Phenanthrene may have a little ecological risks in local place of Taihu Lake.更多还原