【作者】 刘清华；

【导师】 杨昌柱；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,好氧颗粒污泥技术作为一种新型的水处理技术受到广泛关注,它具有生物量大、沉降性能佳等特点,其在脱氮方面的应用更是成为研究热点。本研究着眼于好氧颗粒污泥的脱氮特性,对培养过程和脱氮过程进行研究,以期为将来的工业应用提供参考。本论文分为两个部分。第一部分为好氧颗粒污泥的培养,考察了Ca²⁺对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响。两反应器进水中CaCl₂浓度分别为60mg/L（A）和0mg/L（B）,试验结果表明:Ca²⁺对污泥的颗粒化没有明显影响,但对好氧颗粒污泥的稳定和成熟影响较大。在第30天时,两反应器中好氧颗粒污泥的平均粒径均为0.26mm,但B反应器中颗粒不规则,有丝状菌存在。第82天,反应器A中好氧颗粒污泥边缘光滑,颗粒密实,形状规则,其SVI、MLSS、平均粒径和MLVSS/MLSS分别为50mL/g、4500mg/L、0.76mm和0.4,NH₃-N去除效果显著,去除率达到99%;未添加Ca²⁺的反应器B中,颗粒污泥不能有效的长大,污泥中出现大量丝状菌,最终导致培养失败。第二部分在相等的容积负荷下研究好氧颗粒污泥的脱氮特性,并对其脱氮过程进行了考察。在相等的容积负荷下,运行周期为12h的反应器B比运行周期为6h的反应器A的氨氮平均去除率更高、更稳定,当负荷升至2.10 kgCOD/（m³·d）时,氨氮平均去除率均下降;在两反应器的容积负荷分别为1.05、1.31、1.57、2.10 kgCOD/（m3·d）时,A,B两反应器中的氨氮平均去除率分别达到85.3%、77.5%、88.6%、62.4%和89.4%、90.0%、88.8%、62.3%;反应器A出水NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N浓度较B稳定,运行过程中NO3^--N和NO₂^--N均无大量积累,好氧颗粒污泥很好的实现了同步硝化反硝化;在四组容积负荷下,A,B两反应器的同步硝化反硝化率分别达到93.57%、84.71%、78.62%、94.26%和95.74%、90.82%、86.29%、96.18%,同步硝化反硝化速率分别为3.77、3.69、5.30、4.98 mgN/（L·h）和4.09、4.73、5.69、5.26 mgN/（L·h）,反应器B中的好氧颗粒污泥同步硝化反硝化率及其速率均高于A,在负荷增大的过程中,两反应器中的同步硝化反硝化率和速率变化趋势均相同。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, aerobic granular sludge, as a new biological wastewater treatment technology, has been given much attention. It is featured by high biomass, excellent settling ability and so on,and its application in nitrogen removal is important in the research. This research focused on the characteristics of nitrogen removal of aerobic granular sludge. The cultivation process and nitrogen removal process were investigated, in order to provide reference for industrial application in the future.The research consists of two parts. The first was the cultivation of aerobic granular sludge, which investigated the effect of Ca²⁺ on the formation of aerobic granular sludge. The influent concentrations of CaCl₂ were 60mg/L（A） and 0mg/L（B） in two SBRs, respectively. The results showed that Ca²⁺ had no significant effect on the granulation but the stability and maturity of aerobic granules were seriously affected. In the first 30th day, the average particle size of aerobic granular sludge in two reactors were both 0.26mm, while the granular sludge in reactor B was irregular and filamentous bacteria existed. In the 82th day, aerobic granular sludge in reactor A had smooth edge, compact structure, and regular shape. The SVI, MLSS, average particle size and MLVSS/MLSS were 50mL/g, 4500mg/L, 0.76mm and 0.4, respectively. Furthermore, NH₃^-N removal efficiency was perfect, and the removal rate could reach 99%. However in reactor B, no Ca²⁺ was added, the granules could not successfully grow up, and too much filamentous bacteria was in the sludge, leading to failure of cultivation finally.The second part of the research focused on nitrogen removal characters of aerobic granular sludge under the same volume loading and the nitrogen removal process was analyzed. The operating cycle of reactor A and reactor B was 6h and 12h, respectively. In equal volume loading, reactor B had high and stable average ammonia nitrogen removal rate than reactor A. When the loading increased to 2.10 kgCOD/（m3·d）, the average ammonia nitrogen removal rate of two reactors were both decreased. When the volume loadings were 1.05, 1.31, 1.57, 2.10 kgCOD/ （m³·d）, the average ammonia nitrogen removal rates of reactor A and B were 85.3%, 77.5%, 88.6%, 62.4%and 89.4%, 90.0%, 88.8%, 62.3%, respectively. The effluent NO3--N and NO2--N concentrations of reactor A were more stable than that of reactor B. There was no significant accumulation of NO3--N and NO2--N during the operating process, indicted that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was achieved with aerobic granular sludge. The rates of SND in reactor A, B were 93.57%, 84.71%, 78.62%, 94.26% and 95.74%, 90.82%, 86.29%, 96.18% under four volume loadings, respectively. The efficiencies of SND in two reactors were 3.77, 3.69, 5.30, 4.98 mgN/（L·h） and 4.09, 4.73, 5.69, 5.26 mgN/（L·h） under four volume loadings, respectively. The rate and efficiency of SND in reactor B were higher than that in reactor A. The rate and efficiency of SND in two reactors showed a similar trend as the loading increased.更多还原