基于MAS的离子反应试题绝对难度研究

【作者】 李幸；

【导师】 任红艳；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 学科教学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 中学化学试题是中学化学教学的重要资源之一,是学生学习和巩固化学专业知识的有力保障。难度和区分度是试题的两个重要属性。难度指试题的难易程度,区分度指试题对于不同水平的考生具有的鉴别其优劣或水平高低的能力。区分度可以通过调整难度的方法来控制,即难度影响区分度。难度分为相对难度和绝对难度,相对难度通常用通过率或得分率表示,它受学生整体水平和样本容量的双重影响,且只能在事后得知,无法对试卷设计起主导作用。绝对难度可以在事前得知,故又称之为事前难度。迄今为止,研究者们还没有就绝对难度的定义和其标定方法达成共识。本研究将绝对难度界定为相对于相对难度而存在,凡是能够反映试题与学科知识水平和学习能力高低的适应程度的难度都可以称为绝对难度,并尝试采用多维分析系统(简称MAS)的研究方法标定绝对难度。本研究采用MAS法,确定解决化学问题需要符号与宏观、符号与微观和宏观与微观三个维度的转换,并根据问题难度的复杂性用0、1、2三个数字赋值,完成对所选化学问题的编码。研究分两阶段进行。第一阶段对南京市某高级中学2个班的学生进行问卷测试,目的是采集所选试题相对难度和了解学生解题的思维过程。第二阶段设计针对离子反应专题的MAS问题编码规则并完成所选问题的编码,最后从不同角度对问题进行分类,以转化后的相对难度和CTA法标定的绝对难度为参照,检验基于MAS问题编码规则标定绝对难度方法的可行性。本研究的结论是：自行设计的针对离子反应专题的MAS问题编码规则具有可行性和进一步深入开发价值；绝对难度与维度转换次数密切相关,可以判断单维度转换试题是简单题,三维度转换试题是复杂题；按维度转换次数、编码大小、单个绝对难度值划分试题是区分绝对难度的可行途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Senior school chemical problems are an important resource for teaching, which students to learn and review knowledge of chemistry to provide a guarantee. Problems are with two properties, difficulty and discrimination, item difficulty refers to the degree of difficulty, item discrimination refers to the candidates for different levels of identification with their advantages and disadvantages or the ability of the level. Discrimination can be controlled by adjusting the difficulty. Difficulty contains relative difficulty and absolute difficulty, the relative difficulty usually grouped by pass rate or scoring rate which indicates that the overall level of students and it is subject to the impact of the sample size. It can not play a leading role in the design of the paper and certainly difficult to know before the results of tests. Absolute difficulty can be known before tests. So far, researchers have not for the definition of absolute difficulty and its calibration method reach an agreement. Absolute difficulty in this study is defined as, existing with relative difficulty, any problems reflecting the level of subject knowledge and ability to learn to adapt to the level of degree difficulty can be called absolute difficulty. Absolute difficulty is calibrated by multi-dimensional analysis system (MAS) research methods.In this study, the MAS method to solve chemical problems is identified with. Three conversions of dimensions, symbol to macro, symbol to micro and macro to micro, and three numbers,0,1 and 2, assign to complete the chemical problems of the selected coding. It is conducted in two phases in this study. The first stage of 2 classes in a senior school in Nanjing, the students are asked to have 2 tests aimed at collecting relative difficulty and understanding of the students thinking process of problem-solved. The coding rules of MAS for Ion reactions problems are designed in the second phase. We code all the selected chemical problems and problems are grouped from different aspects. Also, we calibrate the absolute difficulty. After that, we text them with the collected relative difficulty and the absolute difficulty got from CTA method. The conclusion of this study is:self-designed for the Ion reaction MAS problem coding rules are the reasonable and value of further development. Absolute difficulty is related to the number of conversions and it is reasonable to say the problems contained only one dimension are easy problems and problems contained three dimensions are difficult problems. By the number of dimensions, the coding size and an absolute difficulty are possible ways to calibrate absolute difficulty.更多还原