【作者】 李强；

【导师】 郑鹏程；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 法学理论， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 社区是联系个人、家庭与社会、国家的纽带,是每个公民成长的地方,对社会、国家的和谐发展具有重要意义。社区理论一直是社会学家关注的问题。社区的发展是伴随着民主与法治的进程,建立在市场经济高度发展的市民社会的基础之上的。在我国,也正是随着社会主义市场经济、民主和法治的进展,社区的理论形态和实践形态也不断地形成、发展、完善和走向成熟,相关的社区法律不断出台,但是新的问题仍不断出现,社区自治的法律研究也要与时俱进,不断向前推进。本文由导论、正文三章和结语构成。导论由三部分构成:研究的意义,没有我国经济和法治的发展,就不可能有社区的完善形态——居民小区,反过来,对社区和居民小区的研究,有助于构建和谐社区、和谐社会,推动我国法律和经济的发展,所以说,本选题具有理论和实践价值;研究综述,对国内外的相关社区自治的法律问题研究进行了较为全面的梳理,包括埃里克森等社会学名家;研究方法介绍了实证分析方法、文献分析法、理论联系实际的方法。第一章简要叙述了有关社区以及社区自治的一些理论。社区理论来源于滕尼斯关于人类共同体的理论,但是他的社区理论仅仅局限于乡村社会中。随着资本主义文明的不断发展,社区理论也不断进化以适应资本主义社会的需要。美国的芝加哥学派对社区理论的发展做出了尤为突出的贡献。城市社区理论有两种不同的观点,一种观点是社区消亡论,另一种观点者主张社区发现论。社区理论与资本主义的自治精神相结合就形成了社区自治的理论。随着全球的城市化运动,城市社区自治在全世界发展起来。我国从1989年开始了城市社区自治的探索。我国的城市社区自治体现出政府化、地域化、法律化的特点。笔者认为结合我国近些年的经济发展形势,我们有必要对我国的城市社区自治模式进行改革。第二章主要是对典型城市的社区自治进行的调查研究。笔者为了探索我国城市社区自治的改革模式于2010年底在河南省新乡市进行了为期三周的问卷调查。调查结果显示新乡市有代表性的三个居民小区的社区自治建设情况并不理想。很多被调查的居民甚至不清楚何为自治,也不清楚社区自治的目的和意义。大部分被调查居民对于居民委员、业主大会和物业公司三个概念都比较模糊,并且无法分清这三者间的关系。笔者总结了调查结果,指出我国现有的城市社区自治制度存在着一些问题,并进一步提出了运用法律规制的方式来改善我国的城市社区自治建设。第三章探讨城市社区的法律制度建设。法治与自治密切相关,防止坏法律的出现对于自治很重要。提高社区的自治水平也应该克服影响自治权的因素,提高社员的经济水平、知识水平,制定出保护自由的良法等。法律在现代社会中发挥着基础性的调控功能,城市社区由于自身的特点更需要法律的保障。探讨城市社区自治的法律体系,着重分析介绍了关于社区的三部法律、法规:《中华人民共和国城市居民委员会组织法》、《物权法》、《物业管理条例》,提出相应的改进的地方。最后探讨了城市社区自治的法律监督问题,分析几种法律监督形式。结语部分得出本文的研究结论。在法治社会,法律发挥着基础性调控作用,保障人们的行为预期、指导着人们的交往行为,没有法律的保障,整个社区或有不断的纠纷和混乱的秩序,也不能为人们的道德善行提供支撑,社区没有秩序、没有仁爱,不利于每个人的生活和成长,不利于社会和谐。社区自治需要法律,需要良法,也需要每个社区居民的遵法守约的意识。更多还原

【Abstract】 Community is to contact individuals, families and society, the country’s bond, where the growth of every citizen to society, the harmonious development of national significance. Community theory has been the concern of social scientists. Community development is accompanied by the process of democracy and the rule of law, the establishment of a highly developed market economy based on civil society. In China, it is also the socialist market economy, democracy and the rule of law, progress, shape theory and practice of community also continue to shape the formation, development, improve and mature, relevant community law are rolled out, but the new problem is still Emerging, autonomous legal research community but also with the times, constantly moving forward.This article from the introduction, body and conclusion chapters constitute.The first chapter briefly describes the community and the community some of the theories of autonomy. From the Reformed community theory of human community, but his theory is only limited to rural communities in society. With the continuous development of capitalist civilization, community theory evolving to meet the needs of capitalist society. Chicago School theory of the development community has made particularly outstanding contributions. Theory of urban communities, there are two different points of view, a view of the community die, another point of view of those who advocate community discovery. Community self-government theory and the spirit of capitalism combined to form a community self-government theory. With the global movement of urbanization, urban communities develop self-government in the world. China since 1989 to explore the urban community autonomy. Urban Community in China reflects the Government of, geography, law of the features. I believe that the combination of recent economic developments in China, it is necessary for China to reform urban communities of autonomy.The second chapter is typical of the city conducted a survey of community self-government. Author to explore the Urban Community in China’s reform model and the end of 2010 and the city of Xinxiang, Henan, a three-week survey. Xinxiang City survey representative of the three residents of the community building community self-government is not ideal. Even many of the residents surveyed do not know what self-government, do not know the purpose and significance of community autonomy. Most members of the surveyed residents for residents, owners and property companies three concepts are relatively vague, and can not distinguish the relationship between these three. The author summarizes the findings, pointing out that our existing system of urban communities there are some issues of autonomy, and further regulation is proposed to use legal means to improve China’s Urban Community building.The third chapter discusses the legal system of urban community building. Closely related to the rule of law and autonomy, to prevent the emergence of bad law is important for self-government. Level of autonomy to improve the community should also overcome the factors that affect the autonomy to raise the economic level of members, level of knowledge, to develop such good laws protecting freedom. Law play in modern society based on the regulation of sexual function, the characteristics of urban communities due to their own need legal protection. Community autonomy of the legal system, analyzes the presentation on the three community laws and regulations:“Residents of the Organic Law of the PRC”,“Property Law”,“Property Management Regulations”, the corresponding improvement. Finally, we discuss the legal autonomy of urban community oversight, analysis of several forms of legal supervision.Drawn the conclusion part of the conclusions of this study. In the rule of law, the law plays a fundamental role in regulating to protect the people’s behavior expectations guide people’s communicative behavior, there is no legal protection, the entire community or have an ongoing dispute and confusion of the order with no provision for people of moral goodness Support the community there is no order, no love, is not conducive to the growth of each person’s life and is not conducive to social harmony. Community self-government in need of legal, need good laws, but also need to comply with laws of each community’s awareness of compliance.更多还原