【作者】 韩玮；

【导师】 李媛；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 电磁场与微波技术， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 天线方向图扫描技术的探索和研究,一直是天线领域的研究热点,而可重构天线可以通过同一副天线,实现多副天线的功能,可以实现天线在多个方向上的波束形成的,给天线方向图扫描提供了新的思路。近些年无线系统向着大容量、多功能和低成本方向发展,而免疫算法在阵列天线的设计中得以应用,就是为了满足这些发展需求。利用免疫算法优化控制参数使阵列可重构天线进行波束控制,目前这一研究领域处于起步阶段,相关研究较少,有很多问题需要解决。本文将免疫算法应用到阵列天线的方向图问题中,实现了天线多方向可重构,为实现波束扫描做了初步的探索。在简要介绍了微带可重构天线和免疫算法相关知识后,本文分析了无线通信系统尤其是卫星通信系统中,采用免疫算法解决优化问题的优势,在归纳总结了免疫算法应用于阵列天线的优化问题所取得地研究成果的基础上,完成了对阵列天线辐射方向图的扫描。首先通过理论分析和软件数值仿真,分析设计了矩形阵列基元及其性能,并完成了四阵元和十六元阵列的设计和仿真。通过仿真验证了由威尔金森功分器原理设计的复杂馈电网络,可以实现并馈阵的等幅同相馈电。并进一步验证了,增加阵元数可以有效提高微带天线增益,可以满足远距离通信如卫星通信等。随后,在阵列天线中阵元间加载开关,利用免疫算法,对这些开关和阵元的馈电状态进行了优化控制,以产生特定方向方向图作为优化目标,通过设计和仿真,实现了阵列天线在一定范围内方向图的形成和改变,并且这种方向图的变化并没有太多增益的损失。更多还原

【Abstract】 Antenna pattern scanning technology has been a research focus-area. Reconfigurable antenna in a certain antenna structure, which has the function of mutil-antennas and can realize the antenna beamforming in various directions, gives the antenna pattern scanning a new paradigm. In order to meet the needs of high capacity, mutil-function, and low costs in wireless communication system, the immune algorithm was used in the array antenna in recent years. Using immune algorithm to optimize parameters of the array antennas so as to control the beamforming of reconfigurable antenna is still a difficult problem to be resolved. At present research in this field is still in the early stages of development.In this paper, it is just doing a preliminary exploration to the multi-antenna array that the immune algorithm is used to achieve different directions fo beamforming and even pattern scanning. After a brief introduction of the knowledge of reconfigurable microstip antenna and the immune algorithm, this paper analyzes the advantages of using immune algorithm in the wireless communication system, especially in satellite communication systems. The paper also summarizes the research results for the immune algorithm in the antenna design and shows the final design of the completed array antenna radiation pattern scanning.First, shows the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation software, analyzes and designs the primitives of the rectangular array and their properties, and then completes a four-yuan and 16-yuan array design and simulation. Testifies that the results from the Wilkinson power divider design principles of the complex feed network can achieve the amplitude-phase feed for the fed array.Subsequently, loads the array switch between the antenna arrays, by using immune algorithm to control the feed states and the switches among the arrays, produces a particular optimized pattern as object orientation. Through the design and simulation, this paper achieves certain formation and change of antenna patterns without so much antenna gain loss .更多还原