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非物质文化遗产视角下的传统武术立法保护研究
Study on Legislative Protection of the Traditional Martial Arts under the Perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage
【作者】 张斌；
【导师】 李晓秋；
【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 法律， 2010， 硕士
【摘要】 中华武术,举世闻名,然而,传统武术,举步维艰,看似繁荣发展的武术,其实并非真正的武术。真正的中华武术——传统武术,在日益现代化的当今社会正逐步远离人们的视野。传统武术作为中华民族几千年来思想智慧与生产实践的结晶,蕴含着中华民族古老的生命记忆和丰富的文化基因,体现了中华民族独具特色的思维方式、精神价值和文化意识,不仅是一项内容丰富的传统体育运动,也是一项富含传统文化元素的文化现象。现今中外学界对非物质文化遗产的研究涌现出不少的理论成果,我国的《非物质文化遗产保护法(草案)》也正在审查之中,有望近期出台,非物质文化遗产的保护已经引起了越来越多人士的重视。然而作为我国非物质文化遗产中影响最大的最珍贵之一的也是最大宗的一种非物质文化遗产——传统武术,却并没有具体的制度进行明确的保护。传统武术,作为一种博大精深的传统体育形式和传统文化形态,有其丰富而独特的形式和内涵,不能仅仅以一种统一的制度加以笼统的规制,还需根据其本身的特殊性制定相应的制度加以调整,从而真正有效的保护这一中华民族具有代表性的非物质文化遗产种类。鉴于实践的迫切需要和法学理论研究的缺乏,为了保护人类文化的多样性和促进人类的可持续发展,传统武术作为非物质文化遗产的一部分,将其保护上升到法律层面,对于民族文化的传承,以及传统武术文化内涵的凝练与提升,将会起到积极作用。本文采用语义分析法、价值分析法、比较分析法、实证分析法、文献分析法、逻辑分析法等研究方法对议题展开讨论,试图探索非物质文化遗产视角下的中国传统武术保护的权利主体、权利客体、权利内容,结合我国当前经济形势,参考国外先进国家类似的研究工作,分析当前的非物质文化遗产法律保护模式,提出一些概念的新视角,如传承人和权利人、未公开信息和非公开信息、主体确认和客体确认,旨在建立一套基于我国法律实际的能够促进中国传统武术实现健康发展的制度架构,从而希冀有助于丰富中国非物质文化遗产保护理论,完善中国非物质文化遗产法律保护体制,促进中国武术的传承和传播以及中华传统文化的繁荣。
【Abstract】 Chinese Martial Arts is world-famous, but the traditional Martial Arts has difficulty in taking a step forwards. The seemingly prosperity of Martial arts belongs not to the real one, i.e. traditional Martial Arts, which is fading away in people’s vision in such a modernizing society. Being a collective thoughts, wisdom and practices of Chinese people for thousands of years, Traditional Martial Arts is not only a traditional athletics rich in content, but also a cultural phenomenon of various elements, and it contains the ancient history of culture and displays the unique thought and spirit of Chinese nation. Nowadays, there are many theoretical achievements of protecting intangible cultural heritage, including the Protection Law of Intangible Cultural Heritage (Draft), which is being censored and will be passed soon in China. The protection of intangible cultural heritage attracts more and more attention, however, traditional Martial Arts, which is one of the most influential, valuable and greatest intangible cultural heritage of our country, is not protected by an explicit and specific law. As an extensive and profound traditional athletics and culture, traditional Martial Arts has unique and rich contents and styles, and should be effectively protected by a specifically adjusted law rather than a single unified one. Considering the urgent need and lack of legal research and the purpose of keeping the cultural diversity and sustainable development of human beings, the promotion of the protection of traditional Martial Arts within a legal system can be positive for the inheriting of national culture. This thesis is going to discuss the subject, object and content of rights of traditional Martial Arts, under the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, by using methods of semantic analysis, value analysis, comparative study, empirical analysis, literature analysis, logical analysis and the like. And the thesis will try to construct a legal system that can help the healthy development of traditional Martial Arts based on the legal practice of our country, and put forward some fresh perspectives of concepts such as inheritance of people and the rights of people, not public information and non-public information, subject recognition confirmed and object recognition confirmed, by way of referring to advanced researches of other countries, considering the current economic situation and analyzing the current model of legal protection of intangible cultural heritage, so as to enrich the theory of and improve the legal system of protection of intangible cultural heritage of China, and promote the prosperity of the heritage and spread of Chinese Martial Arts and traditional culture.